{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:32:02Z","timestamp":1772706722445,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]],"date-time":"2013-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1379289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Supplementing pregnant women at high risk of developing pre\u2010eclampsia with calcium may reduce the incidence of the disease. This study examines differences in serum and hair concentrations of calcium and magnesium between women with pre\u2010eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two teaching hospitals in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ape <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>own, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>outh <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>frica.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with pre\u2010eclamptic (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a096) or normotensive (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a096) pregnancies, who delivered a single, live infant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic and current pregnancy details were retrieved from clinical notes. Each participant completed a dietary questionnaire. Venous blood samples were taken from each participant to assess serum calcium and magnesium concentrations. Hair samples were obtained from all participants and calcium and magnesium levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICPOES<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hair and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were compared between women with pre\u2010eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diet and socio\u2010economic status in the two groups were similar. There was no significant difference in the hair calcium level between women with pre\u2010eclamptic [1241\u00a0parts per million (ppm); range, 331\u20134654\u00a0ppm] and normotensive (1146\u00a0ppm; range, 480\u20134136\u00a0ppm) pregnancies (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.5). Hair calcium levels in both groups were not affected by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Woman with pre\u2010eclampsia showed no difference in chronic calcium status relative to normotensive women. This finding does not support the current belief that the mechanism by which calcium supplementation reduces the risk of developing pre\u2010eclampsia is by correcting a nutritional deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T15:59:47Z","timestamp":1381247987000},"page":"327-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["A comparison of maternal calcium and magnesium levels in pre\u2010eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies: an observational case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"DGD","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Groote Schuur Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SW","family":"Lindow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Hull Yorkshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Carrara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Family Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Hull Yorkshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SJ","family":"Haswell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Hull Yorkshire UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ZM","family":"Van der Spuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Groote Schuur Hospital Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"CD001059","article-title":"Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems","volume":"8","author":"Hofmeyr GJ","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1999.tb03434.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199707103370201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.10.2202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02783879"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.01065.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1130117"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Revision of the CDC Surveillance Case Definition for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Centre for Disease Control","year":"1987","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"1130","article-title":"Relationships among nutritional status, disease progression, and survival in HIV infection","volume":"6","author":"Guenter P","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90090-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/21.2.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.116726"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2008.00879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/20.2.148","article-title":"Trace\u2010element analysis in hair: an evaluation","volume":"20","author":"Hilderbrand DC","year":"1974","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447-32.7.440"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1471-0528.12436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12436","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T11:16:42Z","timestamp":1695554202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.12436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.12436","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-06-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-09-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}