{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:03:28Z","timestamp":1791201808197,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]],"date-time":"2013-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of anal incontinence (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>) in late pregnancy and 1\u00a0year after delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective population\u2010based cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two maternity units in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>orway 2009\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primiparae aged 18\u00a0years or over.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primiparae answered questions on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>t. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ark's score about <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> during the last 4\u00a0weeks of pregnancy. One year later, the same questionnaires were distributed by postal mail. Socio\u2010economic and delivery\u2010related data were obtained from hospital records.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Answers on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> in late pregnancy were obtained from 1571 women, and 1030 responded 1\u00a0year later. Twenty\u2010four per cent experienced one and 4.7% experienced three or more <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms in late pregnancy. One year later, this was reduced to 19% and 2.2%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied. Formed and loose stool incontinence were strongly associated at both time points. The main predictor of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00a0year after delivery was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> in late pregnancy. Obstetric anal sphincter injury increased the risk of incontinence of stool and flatus (odds ratio [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>], 1.7\u20139.6) after delivery. Urgency was associated with greater age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.8; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.0\u20133.3) and operative delivery (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.0; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.3\u20132.9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>One in four primiparae experienced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> in late pregnancy. One year later, still one in five suffered from incontinence. Sphincter injury predicted incontinence of stool and flatus, whereas greater age and operative delivery predicted urgency. The identification and adequate follow\u2010up of pregnant women with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> may reduce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AI<\/jats:styled-content> after delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,11]],"date-time":"2013-09-11T09:16:12Z","timestamp":1378890972000},"page":"269-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Prevalence and predictors of anal incontinence during pregnancy and 1\u00a0year after delivery: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"HH","family":"Johannessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust Fredrikstad Norway"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Wibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Surgery St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Stordahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust Fredrikstad Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Backe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Children's and Women's Health Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Women's Clinic St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"M\u00f8rkved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Research St. Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"985","volume-title":"Incontinence. 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