{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:10:16Z","timestamp":1777479016572,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]],"date-time":"2013-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the relationship between the ethnicity of women and the clinical success of <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilisation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NURTURE<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1517 women, of which 1291 were white Europeans and 226 belonged to an ethnic minority group. All the women were undergoing their first cycle of assisted reproductive technology (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content>) between 2006 and 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All of the women underwent their first cycle of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ART<\/jats:styled-content> between 2006 and 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Live birth rates following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although pre\u2010treatment ovarian reserve variables [mean age, basal follicle stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>), and total antral follicle count] were significantly favourable in the ethnic group, the live birth rates were significantly lower in this group (35%) compared with the white European group (43.8%) (relative risk 0.8; 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.66\u20130.97). On logistic regression analysis, ethnicity was an independent predictor of live birth rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.688; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.513\u20130.924). After controlling for the other independent variables (age and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>), the significant association between ethnicity and live birth rate remained strong (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.591; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.425\u20130.822) on multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Live birth rates following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment were significantly lower in the ethnic minority group compared with white European women, which suggests that ethnicity is a major determinant of live birth following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1383559347000},"page":"300-307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effect of ethnicity on live birth rates after <i>in vitro<\/i> fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Jayaprakasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE) Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Derby Fertility Unit Royal Derby Hospital Derby UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Pandian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE) Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hopkisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE) Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BK","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE) Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"WE","family":"Maalouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nottingham University Research and Treatment Unit in Reproduction (NURTURE) Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.07.986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.02.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00524-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08291.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X9500100307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007599"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.07.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.03.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01853-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep414"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Local Authorities in England and Wales","author":"ONS","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.07.888"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.166"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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