{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:22:21Z","timestamp":1780960941954,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,6]],"date-time":"2013-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Shepherd Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Australian Sexual Health"},{"name":"HIV Nurses Association\/Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Garlic is effective against <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>andida<\/jats:italic> species <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>, and along with other alternative therapies, is used by women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether oral garlic reduced vaginal candida counts during the second half of the menstrual cycle in asymptomatic women colonised with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>andida<\/jats:italic> species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A simple randomised double\u2010blinded controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melbourne, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixty\u2010three asymptomatic women who were culture\u2010positive for <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>andida<\/jats:italic> species at screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were randomised to three garlic tablets or placebo orally, twice daily, for 14\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome was the proportion of women with colony counts of candida &gt;100 colony\u2010forming units per ml in any given day during the last 7\u00a0days before menstruation, defined as a \u2018case\u2019. Secondary outcomes included the mean quantitative colony counts of candida over 14\u00a0days prior to menses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no evidence of a difference between the proportion of cases in the garlic and placebo groups (76 versus 90%; relative risk, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a00.85; 95% confidence interval, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.67\u20131.08), in the mean colony counts in both groups (ratio of geometric means of candidal colony counts 0.63; 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.39\u201310.03; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.74), or difference in the number of women reporting abnormal vaginal symptoms during the 2\u00a0weeks before menstruation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a01.03; 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.67\u20131.58; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.91). The garlic group reported more adverse effects (83% compared 43% in the placebo group; difference in proportions 39%; 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 17\u2013%; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provided data for sample size calculations in future studies on the antifungal effect of garlic, but provided no evidence to inform clinical practice regarding the use of garlic in vaginal candidiasis. Further studies might investigate longer courses or topical formulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,6]],"date-time":"2013-12-06T06:10:39Z","timestamp":1386310239000},"page":"498-506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The effects of oral garlic on vaginal candida colony counts: a randomised placebo controlled double\u2010blind trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"CJ","family":"Watson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care Academic Centre University of Melbourne Carlton Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Gynaecology Assessment Clinic Royal Women's Hospital Flemington Melbourne Vic. 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