{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:23:07Z","timestamp":1792797787934,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004756","name":"Emil Aaltonen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Saastamoinen Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03f0nw643","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To identify risk factors for fear of childbirth (\n FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) according to parity and socioeconomic status, and to evaluate associations between\n FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and adverse perinatal outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n The Finnish Medical Birth Register.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n All 788\u00a0317 singleton births during 1997\u20132010 in Finland.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Fear of childbirth was defined according to the\n International Classification of Diseases<\/jats:italic>\n code O99.80, and its associations with several risk factors and perinatal outcomes were analysed by multivariable logistic regression.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Prevalence of, risk factors for and outcomes of FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Fear of childbirth was experienced by 2.5% of nulliparous women and 4.5% of multiparous women. The strongest risk factors for FOC in nulliparous women were depression [adjusted odds ratio (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), 6.35; 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), 5.25\u20137.68], advanced maternal age (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 3.78; 95% CI, 3.23\u20134.42) and high or unspecified socioeconomic status. In multiparous women, the strongest risk factors for\n FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n were depression (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 5.47; 95% CI, 4.67\u20136.41), previous caesarean section (\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) (\n aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , 3.02; 95% CI, 2.93\u20133.11) and high or unspecified socioeconomic status. Among both nulliparous and multiparous women, FOC was associated with higher rates of CS (3.3\u2010fold and 4.5\u2010fold higher, respectively) and a lower incidence of low birthweight (<2500\u00a0g), small for gestational age babies, preterm birth and low Apgar scores at 1\u00a0minute.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n High and unspecified socioeconomic status, advanced maternal age and depression are predisposing factors for\n FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n regardless of parity. Among multiparous women, a previous\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n increases vulnerability to\n FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n FOC<\/jats:styled-content>\n is associated with increased rates of\n CS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but does not adversely affect other pregnancy outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]],"date-time":"2014-02-04T15:58:04Z","timestamp":1391529484000},"page":"965-970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":162,"title":["Fear of childbirth in nulliparous and multiparous women: a population\u2010based analysis of all singleton births in\n F<\/scp>\n inland in 1997\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"S","family":"R\u00e4is\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SM","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HS","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Nordic School of Public Health Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MR","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health Emory University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2003.00114.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00950.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.02002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02568.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536X.2002.00170.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2001.00122.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.02967.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709034907"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OGX.0000133942.76239.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.01351.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(02)00075-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050701209560"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1810291"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00166"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"2190","article-title":"Synnytyspelon hoitok\u00e4yt\u00e4nnn\u00f6iss\u00e4 on viel\u00e4 eroja","volume":"68","author":"Saisto T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Finnish Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2008.079921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2013.803739"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14639230110119234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/140349489502300113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494812456637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Welfare.Parturients Deliveries and Births 2011. 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