{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:23:15Z","timestamp":1792786995973,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdn S\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdneca. Regi\u00ef\u00bf\u00bdn de Murcia","award":["08808\/PI\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08808\/PI\/08"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PI10\/00985"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI10\/00985"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Animal models have suggested that anogenital distance (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) at birth reflects androgen levels during\n                      <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                      development and predicts adult\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . A recent study showed an association between perineal length and androgen levels in men, suggesting that serum testosterone levels in adulthood will depend on factors involved during the fetal period. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      measures and reproductive hormone levels in women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional study conducted between February and November 2011.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>University\u2010affiliated fertility clinics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>100 young college students.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Physical and gynaecological examinations were conducted on university students. All participants provided a blood sample for determination of reproductive hormones and completed an epidemiological questionnaire on lifestyles and gynaecological history. We used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the associations between perineal length measurements [anus\u2010fourchette (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        AGD\n                        <jats:sub>AF<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and anus\u2010clitoris (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        AGD\n                        <jats:sub>AC<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )] and reproductive hormone levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anogenital distance measurements and reproductive hormone levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the multiple linear regression analyses,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        AGD\n                        <jats:sub>AF<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was positively associated with serum testosterone levels. Serum testosterone increased 0.06\u00a0ng\/ml (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.01, 0.10;\n                      <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u00a00.02) for each 1\u2010cm increase in\u00a0\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        AGD\n                        <jats:sub>AF<\/jats:sub>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . None of the measurements was associated with other reproductive hormones.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anogenital distance may predict normal reproductive development in women, and may be a new tool of potential clinical interest to evaluate ovarian function. Our results suggest that serum testosterone levels in adulthood may depend on factors operating in the prenatal period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]],"date-time":"2014-02-07T02:28:45Z","timestamp":1391740125000},"page":"1359-1364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Longer anogenital distance is associated with higher testosterone levels in women: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"MP","family":"Mira\u2010Escolano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Health and Social Sciences University of Murcia School of Medicine Espinardo (Murcia) Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Mendiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Health and Social Sciences University of Murcia School of Medicine Espinardo (Murcia) Spain"},{"name":"Fertilidad Roca Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Avanzada SLU Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"M\u00ednguez\u2010Alarc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Health and Social Sciences University of Murcia School of Medicine Espinardo (Murcia) Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Melgarejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Hospital Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Cutillas\u2010Tol\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Health and Social Sciences University of Murcia School of Medicine Espinardo (Murcia) Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Roca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fertilidad Roca Gesti\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Avanzada SLU Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JJ","family":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Esp\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Operations Research Miguel Hernandez University Elche Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JA","family":"Noguera\u2010Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine \u2018Virgen de la Arrixaca\u2019 University Hospital Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Torres\u2010Cantero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department of Health and Social Sciences University of Murcia School of Medicine Espinardo (Murcia) Spain"},{"name":"Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019 University of Murcia Murcia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/002367777780936620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67107-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.01005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-3-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2009.01044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2008.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900881"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.031674"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2012.00019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/65.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K09E-205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.10.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-90"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003591576505800503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1103421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/62.2.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1436"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174410000693"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.3.1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-1338"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-1444"}],"container-title":["BJOG: 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