{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:44:07Z","timestamp":1791398647694,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate how the effect of maternal complications on preterm birth varies between spontaneous and provider\u2010initiated births, as well as among different countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary analysis of a cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine countries participating in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>orld <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealth <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>rganization <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ulticountry <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>urvey on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>aternal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ewborn <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ealth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>299\u00a0878 singleton deliveries of live neonates or fresh stillbirths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Countries were categorised into very high, high, medium and low developed countries using the Human Development Index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDI<\/jats:styled-content>) of 2012 by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>orld <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ank. We described the prevalence and risk of maternal complications, their effect on outcomes and their variability by country development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Preterm birth, fresh stillbirth and early neonatal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of provider\u2010initiated births among preterm deliveries increased with development: 19% in low to 40% in very high <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDI<\/jats:styled-content> countries. Among preterm deliveries, the socially disadvantaged were less likely, and the medically high risk were more likely, to have a provider\u2010initiated delivery. The effects of anaemia [adjusted odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content>), 2.03; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>), 1.84; 2.25], chronic hypertension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content>, 2.28; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.94; 2.68) and pre\u2010eclampsia\/eclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content>, 5.03; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 4.72; 5.37) on preterm birth were similar among all four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDI<\/jats:styled-content> subgroups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The provision of adequate obstetric care, including optimal timing for delivery in high\u2010risk pregnancies, especially to the socially disadvantaged, could improve pregnancy outcomes. Avoiding preterm delivery in women when maternal complications, such as anaemia or hypertensive disorders, are present is important for countries at various stages of development, but may be more challenging to achieve.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,18]],"date-time":"2014-03-18T11:53:38Z","timestamp":1395143618000},"page":"101-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Risk factors for spontaneous and provider\u2010initiated preterm delivery in high and low Human Development Index countries: a secondary analysis of the <scp>W<\/scp>orld <scp>H<\/scp>ealth <scp>O<\/scp>rganization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Morisaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Togoobaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy National Center for Child Health and Development Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JP","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"},{"name":"School of Population Health Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Western Australia Perth WA 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