{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:33:03Z","timestamp":1791297183081,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP 86537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 86537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000226","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2008-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008-007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare infant outcomes between mothers with hypertension treated by beta\u2010blockers alone and by methyldopa alone during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Historical cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Saskatchewan, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who delivered a singleton birth in Saskatchewan during the periods from 1 January 1980 to 30 June 1987 or from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2005 (women who delivered between 1 July 1987 and 31 December 1989 were excluded because the information recorded on maternal drug use during pregnancy is incomplete) with a diagnosis of a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, and who were dispensed only beta\u2010blockers (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0416) or only methyldopa (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01000).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occurrences of adverse infant outcomes were compared between women who received beta\u2010blockers only and women who received methyldopa only during pregnancy, first in all eligible women, and then in women with chronic hypertension and in women with gestational hypertension or pre\u2010eclampsia\/eclampsia, separately. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to adjust for potential confounding. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Small for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0&lt;\u00a010th percentile, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0&lt;\u00a03rd percentile, preterm birth, stillbirth, institutionalisation for respiratory distress syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDS<\/jats:styled-content>), sepsis, seizure during infancy, and infant death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for infants born to mothers with chronic hypertension who were dispensed beta\u2010blockers only, as compared with infants born to mothers who were dispensed methyldopa only, during pregnancy were: 1.95 (1.21\u20133.15), 2.17 (1.06\u20134.44), and 2.17 (1.09\u20134.34), respectively, for SGA\u00a0&lt;\u00a010th percentile, SGA\u00a0&lt;\u00a03rd percentile, and being institutionalised during infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For infants born to mothers with chronic hypertension, compared with those treated by methyldopa alone, those treated by beta\u2010blockers appear to be at increased rates of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> and hospitalisation during infancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,17]],"date-time":"2014-03-17T06:32:37Z","timestamp":1395037957000},"page":"1090-1096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Beta\u2010Blockers increase the risk of being born small for gestational age or of being institutionalised during infancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"R\u2010h","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"OMNI Research Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI Research Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Krewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment Institute of Population Health University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Risk Sciences International Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Mattison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment Institute of Population Health University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Risk Sciences International Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MC","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI Research Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Nerenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SW","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI Research Group Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Clinical Epidemiology Program Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"School of Public Health Central South University Changsha 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