{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T22:21:37Z","timestamp":1780352497488,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Foundation for Women and Babies","award":["no number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no number"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify cervicovaginal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVF<\/jats:styled-content>) biomarkers predictive of spontaneous preterm birth in women with symptoms of preterm labour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melbourne, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustralia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with a singleton pregnancy admitted to the Emergency Department between 22 and 36\u00a0weeks of gestation presenting with symptoms of preterm labour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyse the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CVF<\/jats:styled-content> proteome. Validation of putative biomarkers was performed using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>) in an independent cohort. Optimal concentration thresholds of putative biomarkers were determined and the predictive efficacy for preterm birth was compared with that of fetal fibronectin.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prediction of spontaneous preterm labour within 7\u00a0days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differentially expressed proteins were identified by proteomic analysis in women presenting with \u2018threatened\u2019 preterm labour without cervical change who subsequently delivered preterm (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012 women). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> validation using an independent cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0129 women) found albumin and vitamin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010binding protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDBP<\/jats:styled-content>) to be significantly altered between women who subsequently experienced preterm birth and those who delivered at term. Prediction of preterm delivery within 7\u00a0days using a dual biomarker model (albumin\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDBP<\/jats:styled-content>) provided 66.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content>) and 96.7% negative predictive value (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content>), compared with fetal fibronectin yielding 66.7, 87.9, 36.4 and 96.2%, respectively (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a064). Using the maximum number of screened samples, the predictive utility of albumin\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDBP<\/jats:styled-content> yielded a sensitivity of 77.8%, specificity and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPV<\/jats:styled-content> of 100% and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPV<\/jats:styled-content> of 98.0% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0109).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The dual biomarker model of albumin\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VDBP<\/jats:styled-content> is more efficacious than fetal fibronectin in predicting spontaneous preterm delivery in symptomatic women within 7\u00a0days. A clinical diagnostic trial is required to test this model on a larger population to confirm these findings and to further refine the predictive values.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T06:00:49Z","timestamp":1406181649000},"page":"370-379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["New biomarkers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm labour in symptomatic pregnant women: a comparison with fetal fibronectin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Liong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal Research Centre Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Vic. 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GE","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital University of Queensland Herston Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HM","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Mercy Perinatal Research Centre Mercy Hospital for Women Heidelberg Vic. 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