{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1791269966075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1415923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL 50763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL 50763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","award":["HD27697"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27697"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["021.001.008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["021.001.008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study previously identified associations between specific maternal hypertensive disorders and\/or prenatal exposure to antihypertensive medication and birth defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Slone Birth Defects Study, 1998\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5568 cases with birth defects and 7253 liveborn infants without malformations as controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>s) for birth defects associated with prenatal exposure to maternal hypertensive disorders and\/or antihypertensive medication were calculated using multivariable logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Specific birth defects previously linked to maternal hypertension or antihypertensive medication use during pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010pharmacologically managed chronic hypertension was associated with a three\u2010fold risk of oesophageal atresia (95%\u00a0CI 1.2\u20138.3), and pre\u2010eclampsia superimposed on non\u2010pharmacologically managed chronic hypertension was associated with ventricular septal defects (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a03.9, 95%\u00a0CI 1.3\u201311.7) and atrial septal defects (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a06.5, 95%\u00a0CI 1.8\u201323.7). For chronic hypertension that was pharmacologically treated early in pregnancy, increased risks were observed for first\u2010degree hypospadias (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a02.9, 95%\u00a0CI 1.1\u20137.4). Non\u2010pharmacologically managed pre\u2010eclampsia was related to second\u2010\/third\u2010degree hypospadias and ventricular septal defects. Pharmacological treatment for gestational hypertension was associated with a number of congenital heart defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results confirm some, but not all, previously identified associations between pharmacologically treated and non\u2010pharmacologically managed hypertensive disorders and specific birth defects. They support the hypothesis that physiological changes early in pregnancy that manifest in gestational hypertension and pre\u2010eclampsia may play a role in the aetiology of major birth defects, including congenital heart defects and hypospadias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,14]],"date-time":"2014-11-14T09:44:17Z","timestamp":1415958257000},"page":"1002-1009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Maternal hypertensive disorders, antihypertensive medication use, and the risk of birth defects: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"MMHJ","family":"van Gelder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CM","family":"Van 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