{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:10:38Z","timestamp":1769555438402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1418774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD34208"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD34208"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD27869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD40485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD40560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40560"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD40544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD34116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD34116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD40512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD21410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD21410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD40545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD40500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD40500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD27915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD34136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD34136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD27860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD53118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD53118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD53097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD53097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD27917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD27917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD36801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD36801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M01 RR00080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01 RR00080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR024153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR024153"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 RR024989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 RR024989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking and pre\u2010eclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content>) are associated with increases in preterm birth, placental abruption and low birthweight. We evaluated the relationship between prenatal vitamin C and E (C\/E) supplementation and perinatal outcomes by maternal self\u2010reported smoking status focusing on outcomes known to be impacted by maternal smoking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design\/Setting\/Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A secondary analysis of a multi\u2010centre trial of vitamin C\/E supplementation starting at 9\u201316\u00a0weeks in low\u2010risk nulliparous women with singleton gestations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the effect of vitamin C\/E by smoking status at randomisation using the Breslow\u2013Day test for interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The trial's primary outcomes were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> and a composite outcome of pregnancy\u2010associated hypertension (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>) with serious adverse outcomes. Perinatal outcomes included preterm birth and abruption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were no differences in baseline characteristics within subgroups (smokers versus nonsmokers) by vitamin supplementation status. The effect of prenatal vitamin C\/E on the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.66) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content> composite outcome (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.86) did not differ by smoking status. Vitamin C\/E was protective for placental abruption in smokers (relative risk [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content>] 0.09; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.00\u20130.87], but not in nonsmokers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.92; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.52\u20131.62) (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.01), and for preterm birth in smokers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.76; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.58\u20130.99) but not in nonsmokers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.03; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.90\u20131.17) (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a00.046).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cohort of women, smoking was not associated with a reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PE<\/jats:styled-content> or the composite outcome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAH<\/jats:styled-content>. Vitamin C\/E supplementation appears to be associated with a reduction in placental abruption and preterm birth among smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]],"date-time":"2014-12-17T01:54:25Z","timestamp":1418781265000},"page":"1740-1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Prenatal vitamin C and E supplementation in smokers is associated with reduced placental abruption and preterm birth: a secondary analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Abramovici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RE","family":"Gandley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RG","family":"Clifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The George Washington University Biostatistics Center Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KJ","family":"Leveno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Southwestern Medical Center University of Texas Dallas TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Myatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RJ","family":"Wapner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"JM","family":"Thorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BM","family":"Mercer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Case Western Reserve University\u2010MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Peaceman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Northwestern University Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Sciscione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Drexel University Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Harper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wake Forest University Health Sciences Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Saade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Sorokin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University Detroit MI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health Human Development Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Units Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5806.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200410001669187"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909233411303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91752-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70341-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.147082"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2004.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000141085.98320.01"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70455-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008003522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000201444.80784.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509990444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002243420802"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(88)90049-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115868"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00363-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181ed721d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1214405"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874091X01004010077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.05.020","article-title":"The risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes is increased in preeclamptic women who smoke compared with nonpreeclamptic women who do not smoke","volume":"203","author":"Miller EC","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200007000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701491255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)80010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68433-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000289576.43441.1f"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.050"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1471-0528.13201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.13201","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T02:38:55Z","timestamp":1696300735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.13201"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.13201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.13201","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}