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<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>) genotype is associated with shortening of the cervix or with preterm birth (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>) risk among women with a short cervix in the second trimester.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control ancillary study to a multicentre randomised controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen participating centres of the Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Units Network of the <jats:italic>Eunice Kennedy Shriver<\/jats:italic> National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four hundred thirty\u2010nine women, including 315 with short cervix and 124 with normal cervical length.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nulliparous women with cervical length &lt;30\u00a0mm upon a 16\u201322\u2010week transvaginal sonogram and controls frequency\u2010matched for race\/ethnicity with cervical lengths \u226540\u00a0mm were studied. <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> genotype was determined at positions encoding for amino acid residues 16 and 27.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genotype distributions were compared between case and control groups. Within the short cervix group, pregnancy outcomes were compared by genotype, with a primary outcome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> &lt;37\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Genotype data were available at position 16 for 433 women and at position 27 for 437. Using a recessive model testing for association between short cervix and genotype, and adjusted for ethnicity, there was no statistical difference between cases and controls for Arg16 homozygosity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.7, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.4\u20131.3) or Gln27 homozygosity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.9, 95% CI 0.3\u20132.7). Among cases, Arg16 homozygosity was not associated with protection from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> or spontaneous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content>. Gln27 homozygosity was not associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> risk, although sample size was limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> genotype does not seem to be associated with short cervical length or with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> following the second\u2010trimester identification of a short cervix. Influences on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTB<\/jats:styled-content> associated with <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> genotype do not appear to involve a short cervix pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,20]],"date-time":"2015-01-20T08:32:06Z","timestamp":1421742726000},"page":"1387-1394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The association of beta\u20102 adrenoceptor genotype with short\u2010cervix mediated preterm birth: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY 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