{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T08:11:10Z","timestamp":1759565470373},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HD052458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HD052458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the association between intrauterine device (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content>) use, timing of removal prior to pregnancy, and the risk of pre\u2010eclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical record database in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases of pre\u2010eclampsia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02744) were identified among pregnancies resulting in singleton deliveries from 1993 to 2010. Four controls, or pregnancies unaffected by pre\u2010eclampsia, were matched to each case on maternal age, general practice, and year of delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> use were obtained from patient records. The odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) for the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> and pre\u2010eclampsia were adjusted for covariates identified <jats:italic>a\u00a0priori<\/jats:italic>, and analyses were stratified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and number of prior deliveries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) of pre\u2010eclampsia in pregnancies among women with a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> use, compared with women without a history of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> use was associated with a reduced risk of pre\u2010eclampsia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a00.76; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.58\u20130.98). The timing of removal in relation to the start of pregnancy showed an inverse association, with shorter intervals associated with a larger decrease in risk of pre\u2010eclampsia. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> removal within a year prior to pregnancy had an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> of 0.68 (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.46\u20131.00). Among women with a prior delivery, the association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUD<\/jats:styled-content> use and pre\u2010eclampsia was null.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrauterine device use is associated with a small decreased risk of pre\u2010eclampsia, specifically if removed within the year prior to conception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study of pregnancies in the UK suggests a reduced risk of pre\u2010eclampsia for former IUD users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13413","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T06:43:13Z","timestamp":1428561793000},"page":"788-795","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Intrauterine device use and the risk of pre\u2010eclampsia: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"SE","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SS","family":"Jick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program Lexington MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MM","family":"Werler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460010070033","article-title":"Barrier contraceptive methods and preeclampsia","volume":"265","author":"Mills JL","year":"1991","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2014.948613"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"881","article-title":"Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails","volume":"47","author":"Furlong LA","year":"2002","journal-title":"A review. 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