{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T03:24:39Z","timestamp":1776396279060,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Department of Health and Ageing Chlamydia Targeted Grants Programme"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determine the cost\u2010effectiveness of screening all pregnant women aged 16\u201325\u00a0years for chlamydia compared with selective screening or no screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cost effectiveness based on a decision model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antenatal clinics in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women, aged 16\u201325\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using clinical data from a previous study, and outcomes data from the literature, we modelled the short\u2010term perinatal (12\u2010month time horizon) incremental direct costs and outcomes from a government (as the primary third\u2010party funder) perspective for chlamydia screening. Costs were derived from the Medicare Benefits Schedule, Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, and average cost\u2010weights reported for hospitalisations classified according to the Australian refined diagnosis\u2010related groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct costs of screening and managing chlamydia complications, number of chlamydia cases detected and treated, and the incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios were estimated and subjected to sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assuming a chlamydia prevalence rate of 3%, screening all antenatal women aged 16\u201325\u00a0years at their first antenatal visit compared with no screening was $34,931 per quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years gained. Screening all women could result in cost savings when chlamydia prevalence was higher than 11%. The incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios were most sensitive to the assumed prevalence of chlamydia, the probability of pelvic inflammatory disease, the utility weight of a positive chlamydia test and the cost of the chlamydia test and doctor's appointment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>From an Australian government perspective, chlamydia screening of all women aged 16\u201325\u00a0years old during one antenatal visit was likely to be cost\u2010effective compared with no screening or selective screening, especially with increasing chlamydia prevalence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chlamydia screening for all pregnant women aged 16\u201325\u00a0years during an antenatal visit is cost effective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]],"date-time":"2015-08-26T06:34:00Z","timestamp":1440570840000},"page":"1194-1202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Chlamydia screening for pregnant women aged 16\u201325\u00a0years attending an antenatal service: a cost\u2010effectiveness study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"JJ","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Carlton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Carlton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Hocking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CK","family":"Fairley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre Carlton Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Central Clinical School Monash University Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Health Economics Strategic Research Centre\u2014Population Health Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Bulfone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Health Economics Strategic Research Centre\u2014Population Health Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Surveillance systems reported in Communicable Diseases Intelligence.2014[www.health.gov.au\/internet\/main\/publishings.nsf\/Content\/cda-surveil-surv_sys.htm]. 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