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Maternal weights at a mean of 16.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.2 SD<\/jats:styled-content> and 34.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5 SD<\/jats:styled-content> weeks of gestation were obtained from medical records. Offspring adiposity and cardio\u2010metabolic outcomes were assessed at a median age 17.0\u00a0years [95% confidence interval (CI<\/jats:styled-content>) range: 16.7, 17.7].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>Adolescent BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, waist circumference (WC<\/jats:styled-content>), waist\u2010to\u2010hip ratio (WHR<\/jats:styled-content>), blood pressure, total and HDL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glucose and HOMA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IR<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Higher prepregnancy BMI<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with higher adolescent BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, WC<\/jats:styled-content>, WHR<\/jats:styled-content>, systolic blood pressure, insulin, glucose and HOMA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010IR<\/jats:styled-content> levels (P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values <0.05). Adjustment for adolescent current BMI<\/jats:styled-content> attenuated the associations of prepregnancy BMI<\/jats:styled-content> with adolescent cardio\u2010metabolic outcomes. Higher weight gain in early\u2010pregnancy, but not mid\u2010pregnancy, was associated with higher adolescent BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, WC<\/jats:styled-content> and WHR<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values <0.05), but not with other cardio\u2010metabolic risk factors. Total gestational weight gain was associated with adolescent BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and WC<\/jats:styled-content> (P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values <0.05). Higher prepregnancy BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and early\u2010pregnancy weight gain were associated with increased risks of the high\u2010metabolic risk cluster in adolescents (OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.57, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.33, 1.85 and OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.23, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.03, 1.47 per SD<\/jats:styled-content> increase in prepregnancy BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and early\u2010pregnancy weight gain, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Higher maternal prepregnancy BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and early\u2010pregnancy weight gain rate are associated with an adverse adolescent cardio\u2010metabolic profile. These associations are largely mediated by adolescent BMI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>Prepregnancy BMI<\/jats:styled-content> and early\u2010pregnancy WG<\/jats:styled-content> rate are associated with adverse adolescent cardio\u2010metabolic profile.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T11:37:17Z","timestamp":1446550637000},"page":"207-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with cardio\u2010metabolic risk factors in adolescent offspring: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Welten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WH","family":"Oddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LJ","family":"Beilin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology UWA Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TA","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Pharmacology UWA Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VWV","family":"Jaddoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical 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