{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T21:09:20Z","timestamp":1792012160855,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"EkstraStiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evaluate effect of pelvic floor muscle training (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMT<\/jats:styled-content>) on vaginal symptoms and sexual matters, dyspareunia and coital incontinence in primiparous women stratified by major or no defects of the levator ani muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Randomised controlled trial (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Akershus University Hospital, Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>About 175 primiparous women with a singleton vaginal delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010armed assessor blinded parallel group <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RCT<\/jats:styled-content> from 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum comparing effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMT<\/jats:styled-content> versus control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire\u2014vaginal symptoms questionnaire (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIQ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VS<\/jats:styled-content>) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIQ<\/jats:styled-content> sexual matters module (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICIQ<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FLUTS<\/jats:styled-content>sex).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, analysis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 175) showed no difference between training and control groups in women having vaginal symptoms or symptoms related to sexual dysfunction 6 months postpartum. The majority of women (88%) had intercourse and there was no difference between groups. Unadjusted subgroup analysis of women with a major defect of the levator ani muscle (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 55) showed that women in the training group had 45% less risk of having the symptom \u2018vagina feels loose or lax\u2019 compared with the control group (relative risk 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.95; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unadjusted analysis showed that in women with major defect of the levator ani muscle, significantly fewer in the training group had the symptom \u2018vagina feels loose or lax\u2019 compared with the control group. No difference was found between groups for symptoms related to sexual dysfunction. More studies are needed to explore effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMT<\/jats:styled-content> on vaginal symptoms and sexual dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unadjusted analysis shows that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PFMT<\/jats:styled-content> might prevent symptoms of \u2018vagina feels loose or lax\u2019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T11:40:20Z","timestamp":1450784420000},"page":"634-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Effect of postpartum pelvic floor muscle training on vaginal symptoms and sexual dysfunction\u2014secondary analysis of a randomised trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Kolberg Tennfjord","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Hilde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"St\u00e6r\u2010Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Siafarikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Ellstr\u00f6m","family":"Engh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"B\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0976-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"DSM\u20105 Changes in Diagnostic Criteria of Sexual Dysfunctions","volume":"2","author":"Ishak WW","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Sys Sexual Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-014-2381-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Evidence Based Physical Therapy for the Pelvic Floor. 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