{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:07:38Z","timestamp":1791893258579,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Scientific and Technical Committee","award":["124119a4802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124119a4802"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"Objective<\/jats:title>To study the risk factors for recurrent ectopic pregnancy (REP<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>A retrospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>A university medical centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Population<\/jats:title>554 women with a history of ectopic pregnancy (EP<\/jats:styled-content>) were included. Among them were 181 women with current EP<\/jats:styled-content>, 184 women with current intrauterine pregnancy (IUP<\/jats:styled-content>) and 189 nonpregnant women (NonP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>The three groups were matched at a ratio of 1:1 with respect to current age, age of initial EP<\/jats:styled-content> and gestational week of initial EP<\/jats:styled-content>. Socio\u2010demographic characteristics, reproductive history, gynaecological and surgical history, and experience of contraception were compared among the three groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders and calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>The risk of REP<\/jats:styled-content> increased with history of infertility (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 3.84, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.16\u20136.86) in REP<\/jats:styled-content> women compared with IUP<\/jats:styled-content> controls. Compared with NonP controls, salpingotomy (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 3.04, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.21\u201336.51) for previous EP<\/jats:styled-content> was a risk factor for REP<\/jats:styled-content>. Multiparous women were less likely to suffer REP<\/jats:styled-content> when compared with NonP women (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.36, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.18\u20130.62) or IUP<\/jats:styled-content> controls (AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.35, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.20\u20130.62). Current use of an intrauterine device (IUD<\/jats:styled-content>) (REP<\/jats:styled-content> versus NonP, AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.02, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.00\u20130.08) or condoms (REP<\/jats:styled-content> versus NonP, AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.16, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.07\u20130.38) significantly reduced the risk of REP<\/jats:styled-content> compared with those not using any contraception. Similarly, previous use of condoms also prevented REP<\/jats:styled-content> compared with those with no previous condom use (REP<\/jats:styled-content> versus NonP, AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.20, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.08\u20130.49; REP<\/jats:styled-content> versus IUP<\/jats:styled-content>, AOR<\/jats:styled-content> = 0.40, 95%CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.22\u20130.71).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Women with history of infertility or salpingotomy should be alert for the recurrence of EP<\/jats:styled-content>. Multiparous women are less likely to suffer REP<\/jats:styled-content>. We propose the use of condoms for effective prevention of REP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>History of infertility and salpingotomy for last EP<\/jats:styled-content> are risk factors for recurrent EP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T15:05:30Z","timestamp":1473865530000},"page":"82-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Risk factors for recurrent ectopic pregnancy: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China"},{"name":"Institute of Embryo\u2010Fetal Original Adult 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