{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T13:29:08Z","timestamp":1778938148717,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,14]],"date-time":"2016-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National 973 programme in China","award":["2012CB944902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012CB944902"]}]},{"name":"National 973 programme in China","award":["2012CB944703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012CB944703"]}]},{"name":"Programmes of Jiangsu Province","award":["BL2012009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BL2012009"]}]},{"name":"Programmes of Jiangsu Province","award":["ZX201110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZX201110"]}]},{"name":"Programmes of Jiangsu Province","award":["FXK201221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FXK201221"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"PAPD","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the impact of ovarian stimulation on the outcome of intrauterine insemination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single university\u2010based centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5109 couples with 8893 cycles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IUI<\/jats:styled-content> with different protocols for ovarian stimulation was examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The live birth rate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBR<\/jats:styled-content>), twin pregnancy rate and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHSS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In ovulatory women without ovarian stimulation, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBR<\/jats:styled-content> was 7.6%. Stimulation with clomifene citrate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>), letrozole (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content>), human menopausal gonadotrophin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content> combined with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> achieved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBR<\/jats:styled-content>s of 6.1, 5, 7.9, 8 and 12.2%, respectively. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content> combined with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> achieved a significantly improved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBR<\/jats:styled-content> compared with no stimulation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation was associated with a higher rate of twins (7.4%) than no stimulation (0%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). In ovulatory women, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBR<\/jats:styled-content> appeared lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content> compared with no stimulation (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05). In anovulatory women, ovarian stimulation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HMG<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CC<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content> combined with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> achieved <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LBR<\/jats:styled-content>s of 11.3, 5.1, 11.8, 12.6 and 13.6%, respectively. No significant difference was observed. There were no triplet pregnancies or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OHSS<\/jats:styled-content> in stimulated cycles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In ovulatory women, ovarian stimulation with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LE<\/jats:styled-content> combined with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> achieved a significantly improved live birth rate. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation resulted in a high risk for twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In ovulatory women, ovarian stimulation with letrozole and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HMG<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in a significantly improved <jats:styled-content 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