{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:32:06Z","timestamp":1790775126892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HEALTH\u2010F5\u20102011\u2010260598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEALTH\u2010F5\u20102011\u2010260598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effect of maternal exposure to asthma medications on the risk of congenital anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meta\u2010analysis of aggregated data from three cohort studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Linkage between healthcare databases and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EUROCAT<\/jats:styled-content>congenital anomaly registries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>519 242 pregnancies in Norway (2004\u20132010), Wales (2000\u20132010) and Funen, Denmark (2000\u20132010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure defined as having at least one prescription for asthma medications issued (Wales) or dispensed (Norway, Denmark) from 91 days before to 91 days after the pregnancy start date. Odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) were estimated separately for each register and combined in meta\u2010analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s for all congenital anomalies and specific congenital anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall exposure prevalence was 3.76%. For<jats:bold>e<\/jats:bold>xposure to asthma medication in general, the adjusted<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>(adj<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) for a major congenital anomaly was 1.21 (99%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.09\u20131.34) after adjustment for maternal age and socioeconomic position. The<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>of anal atresia was significantly increased in pregnancies exposed to inhaled corticosteroids (3.40; 99%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>1.15\u201310.04). For severe congenital heart defects, an increased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>(1.97; 1.12\u20133.49) was associated with exposure to combination treatment with inhaled corticosteroids and long\u2010acting beta\u20102\u2010agonists. Associations with renal dysplasia were driven by exposure to short\u2010acting beta\u20102\u2010agonists (2.37; 1.20\u20134.67).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increased risk of congenital anomalies for women taking asthma medication is small with little confounding by maternal age or socioeconomic status. The study confirmed the association of inhaled corticosteroids with anal atresia found in earlier research and found potential new associations with combination treatment. The potential new associations should be interpreted with caution due to the large number of comparisons undertaken.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cohort study found a small increased risk of congenital anomalies for women taking asthma medication.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T10:05:10Z","timestamp":1463047510000},"page":"1609-1618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Risk of congenital anomalies after exposure to asthma medication in the first trimester of pregnancy \u2013 a cohort linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Garne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Hospital Lillebaelt \u2013Kolding Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Vinkel Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Department Hospital Lillebaelt \u2013Kolding Kolding Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Preventive Medicine Wolfson Institute Preventive Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Human &amp; 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