{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:45:43Z","timestamp":1789767943130,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,7]],"date-time":"2016-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008568","name":"Norske Kvinners Sanitetsforening","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008568","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009123","name":"Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009123","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004590","name":"Helse Midt-Norge","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the effect of pelvic floor muscle exercises (\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for postpartum anal incontinence (\n AI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n A parallel two\u2010armed randomised controlled trial stratified on obstetrical anal sphincter injury with primary sphincter repair and hospital affinity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Ano\u2010rectal specialist out\u2010patient clinics at two hospitals in Norway.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n \n One hundred and nine postpartum women with\n AI<\/jats:styled-content>\n at baseline.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The intervention group received 6 months of individual physiotherapy\u2010led\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n and the control group written information on\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Changes in St. Mark's scores and predictors of post\u2010intervention\n AI<\/jats:styled-content>\n were assessed by independent samples\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tests and multiple linear regression analyses, respectively. The study was not blind.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n \n The primary outcome measure was change in\n AI<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms on the St. Mark's score from baseline to post\u2010intervention. Secondary outcome measures were manometry measures of anal sphincter length and strength, endoanal ultrasound (\n EAUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) defect score and voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There was a significant difference in the reduction of St. Mark's scores from baseline to post\u2010intervention in favour of the\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (\u22122.1 versus \u22120.8 points,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.040). No differences in secondary outcome measures were found between groups. Baseline St. Mark's,\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n group affinity and\n EAUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n defect score predicted post\u2010intervention St. Mark's score in the imputed intention\u2010to\u2010treat analyses. The analysis on un\u2010imputed data showed that women performing weekly\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n improved their\n AI<\/jats:styled-content>\n scores more than women in the control group did.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Our results indicate that individually adapted\n PFME<\/jats:styled-content>\n reduces postpartum\n AI<\/jats:styled-content>\n symptoms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>\n Performing regular pelvic floor muscle exercises may be an effective treatment for postpartum anal incontinence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,7]],"date-time":"2016-06-07T01:26:56Z","timestamp":1465262816000},"page":"686-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Do pelvic floor muscle exercises reduce postpartum anal incontinence? A randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"HH","family":"Johannessen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust Gr\u00e5lum Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Wibe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Surgery St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Stordahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery \u00d8stfold Hospital Trust Gr\u00e5lum Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Sandvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"M\u00f8rkved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and General Practice Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Services St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.107583"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70039-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"CD005654","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women","volume":"000","author":"Dumoulin C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03426.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236930"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12438"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9157-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12643"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.6295"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20144"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200202000-00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.3276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists UK.Third and fourth degree perineal tears management (Green top Guideline no 29) 2015 [updated 12 June 2015; cited 12 June 2015]. 3rd Edn: (This guideline provides evidence\u2010based guidance on the diagnosis management and treatment of third\u2010 and fourth\u2010degree perineal tears (obstetric anal sphincter injuries referred to as OASIS).). 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