{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:12:43Z","timestamp":1777479163082,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]],"date-time":"2016-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000837","name":"University of Nottingham","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of ethnicity of women on the outcome of <jats:italic>in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilisation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> National Database.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from 2000 to 2010 involving 38\u00a0709 women undergoing their first <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> cycle were analysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anonymous data were obtained from the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HFEA<\/jats:styled-content>), the statutory regulator of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>. Data analysis was performed by regression analysis with adjustment for age, cause and type of infertility and treatment type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content>) to express results as odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence intervals (95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Live birth rate per cycle of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While white Irish (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 0.73; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 0.60\u20130.90), Indian (0.85; 0.75\u20130.97), Bangladeshi (0.53: 0.33\u20130.85), Pakistani (0.68; 0.58\u20130.80), Black African (0.60; 0.51\u20130.72), and other non\u2010Caucasian Asian (0.86; 0.73\u20130.99) had a significantly lower odds of live birth rates per fresh <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> cycle than White British women, ethnic groups of White European (1.04; 0.96\u20131.13), Chinese (1.12; 0.77\u20131.64), Black Caribbean (0.76; 0.51\u20131.13), Middle Eastern (0.73; 0.51\u20131.04), Mediterranean European (1.18; 0.83\u20131.70) and Mixed race population (0.94; 0.73\u20131.19) had live birth rates that did not differ significantly. The cumulative live birth rates showed similar patterns across different ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethnicity is a major determinant of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICSI<\/jats:styled-content> treatment outcome as indicated by significantly lower live birth rates in some of the ethnic minority groups compared with white British women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ethnicity affects <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVF<\/jats:styled-content> outcome with lower live birth rates in some ethnic groups more than in white British.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]],"date-time":"2016-08-19T05:02:48Z","timestamp":1471582968000},"page":"904-910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effect of ethnicity on live birth rates after in\u00a0vitro fertilisation\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment: analysis of <scp>UK<\/scp> national database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"W","family":"Maalouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Maalouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation Section United Nations Office Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Jayaprakasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"},{"name":"Derby Fertility Unit Royal Derby Hospital Derby UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People With Fertility Problems","author":"NICE","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(00)00524-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.07.986"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2009.02.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"ONS.Ethnic group.2014[www.ons.gov.uk\/ons\/guide-method\/measuring-equality\/equality\/ethnic-nat-identity-religion\/ethnic-group\/index.html#2]. 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