{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T23:54:25Z","timestamp":1785887665424,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001069","name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To apply the World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>) Application of the International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010) to deaths during the perinatal period: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010Perinatal Mortality (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>) to existing perinatal death databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>South Africa, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal death databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deaths were grouped according to timing of death and then by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> cause of death. The main maternal condition at the time of perinatal death was assigned to each case.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Causes of perinatal mortality, associated maternal conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In South Africa 344\/689 (50%) deaths occurred antepartum, 11% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a074) intrapartum and 39% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0271) in the early neonatal period. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> 4377\/9067 (48.3%) deaths occurred antepartum, with 457 (5%) intrapartum and 4233 (46.7%) in the neonatal period. Antepartum deaths were due to unspecified causes (59%), chromosomal abnormalities (21%) or problems related to fetal growth (14%). Intrapartum deaths followed acute intrapartum events (69%); neonatal deaths followed consequences of low birthweight\/ prematurity (31%), chromosomal abnormalities (26%), or unspecified causes in healthy mothers (25%). Mothers were often healthy; 53%, 38% and 45% in the antepartum, intrapartum and neonatal death groups, respectively. Where there was a maternal condition, it was most often maternal medical conditions, and complications of placenta, cord and membranes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> can be a globally applicable perinatal death classification system that emphasises the need for a focus on the mother\u2014baby dyad as we move beyond 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> is a global system that classifies perinatal deaths and links them to maternal conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T05:08:44Z","timestamp":1471324124000},"page":"2019-2028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["The WHO application of ICD\u201010 to deaths during the perinatal period (ICD\u2010PM): results from pilot database testing in South Africa and United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"ER","family":"Allanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences School of Women's and Infants\u2019 Health University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6","family":"Tun\u00e7alp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gardosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Institute Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RC","family":"Pattinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Institute Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JP","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JJHM","family":"Erwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics University of Groningen University Medical Centre Groningen Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VJ","family":"Flenady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland (MRI\u2010UQ) Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"International Stillbirth Alliance Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JF","family":"Fr\u00f8en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Public Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Neilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science for Maternal and Child Health University of Bergen Bergen Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Women's Health Research University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences Yakima Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Mathai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; 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