{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T21:33:05Z","timestamp":1770672785498,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001801","name":"University of Western Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001069","name":"Women and Infants Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We explore preterm\u2010related neonatal deaths using the WHO application of the International Classification of Disease (ICD\u201010) to deaths during the perinatal period: ICD\u2010PM as an informative case study, where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> can improve data use to guide clinical practice and programmatic decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>South Africa, and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Perinatal death databases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Descriptive analysis of neonatal deaths and maternal conditions present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Causes of preterm neonatal mortality and associated maternal conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 98 term and 173 preterm early neonatal deaths from South Africa, and 956 term and 3248 preterm neonatal deaths from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>. In the South African data set, the main causes of death were respiratory\/cardiovascular disorders (34.7%), low birthweight\/prematurity (29.2%), and disorders of cerebral status (25.5%). Amongst preterm deaths, low birthweight\/prematurity (43.9%) and respiratory\/cardiovascular disorders (32.4%) were the leading causes. In the data set from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, the leading causes of death were low birthweight\/prematurity (31.6%), congenital abnormalities (27.4%), and deaths of unspecified cause (26.1%). In the preterm deaths, the leading causes were low birthweight\/prematurity (40.9%) and deaths of unspecified cause (29.6%). In South Africa, 61% of preterm deaths resulted from the maternal condition of preterm spontaneous labour. Among the preterm deaths in the data set from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>, no maternal condition was present in 36%, followed by complications of placenta, cord, and membranes (23%), and other complications of labour and delivery (22%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> can be used to appraise the maternal and newborn conditions contributing to preterm deaths, and can inform practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content> can be used to appraise maternal and newborn contributors to preterm deaths to improve quality of care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T05:08:44Z","timestamp":1471324124000},"page":"2029-2036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Application of <scp>ICD<\/scp>\u2010<scp>PM<\/scp> to preterm\u2010related neonatal deaths in South Africa and United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"ER","family":"Allanson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Infants\u2019 Health Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research, including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JP","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research, including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u04e6","family":"Tun\u00e7alp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research, including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Gardosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Institute Edgbaston Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RC","family":"Pattinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAMRC Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Unit Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Institute Edgbaston Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JJHM","family":"Erwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"VJ","family":"Flenady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Research Institute The University of Queensland (MRI\u2010UQ) Brisbane QLD Australia"},{"name":"International Stillbirth Alliance Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JF","family":"Fr\u00f8en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Public Health Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Centre for Intervention Science for Maternal and Child Health University of Bergen Bergen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Neilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Women's Health Research University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Northwest University of Health Sciences Yakima WA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health and Research, including UNDP\/UNFPA\/UNICEF\/WHO\/World Bank Special Programme of Research, 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