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The unadjusted prevalence of any birth defect was 7.1, 9.9, and 5.7% in the IVF, ICSI, and natural conception groups, respectively. As expected, the risk of birth defects increased with maternal age among the natural conceptions. In contrast, for IVF and ICSI combined, relative to natural conceptions, births to women aged \u226429 years had a higher risk (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.94), births to women aged 35\u201339 years had no difference in risk (aOR 1.01; 95% CI 0.74\u20131.37), and births to women aged \u226540 years had a lower risk of defects (aOR 0.45; 95% CI 0.22\u20130.92). Defects were also elevated for nulliparity, anaemia, and urinary tract infection in births after ICSI, but not after IVF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The usual age\u2013birth defect relationship is reversed in births after IVF and ICSI, and the associations for other maternal factors and defects vary between IVF and ICSI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk of birth defects in women over 40 years is lower after infertility treatment than for natural conceptions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T05:03:46Z","timestamp":1476680626000},"page":"1537-1544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Maternal factors and the risk of birth defects after IVF and ICSI: a whole of population cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"MJ","family":"Davies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AR","family":"Rumbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JL","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Royal Women's Hospital The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 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Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JG","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VM","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmt006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-007-0202-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e328342b7a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2014.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14647273.2012.720051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ToutenburgH RubinDB.Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. 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