{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T02:47:50Z","timestamp":1793328470585,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009360","name":"King\u2019s College London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009360","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Little is known about the gynaecological health of lesbian and bisexual (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine differences in incidence and\/or prevalence of gynaecological conditions in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LB<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      compared with heterosexual women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The systematic review protocol was prospectively registered (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PROSPERO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      42015027091) and searches conducted in seven databases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative studies published 2000\u20132015, reporting any benign (non\u2010infectious) and\/or malignant gynaecological conditions with no language or setting restrictions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusions, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted in duplicate. Meta\u2010analyses of condition prevalence rates were conducted where \u22653 studies reported results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From 567 records, 47 full papers were examined and 11 studies of mixed designs included. No studies directly addressing the question were found. Two chronic pelvic pain studies reported higher rates in bisexual compared with heterosexual women (38.5 versus 28.2% and 18.6 versus 6.4%). Meta\u2010analyses showed no statistically significant differences in polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis and fibroids. There was a higher rate of cervical cancer in bisexual than heterosexual women [odds ratio (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) = 1.94; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.46\u20132.59] but no difference overall (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.76; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.15\u20133.92). There was a lower rate of uterine cancer in lesbian than heterosexual women (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.28; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.11\u20130.73) and overall (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.36; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.13\u20130.97), but no difference in bisexual women (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 0.43; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.06\u20133.07).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More bisexual women may experience chronic pelvic pain and cervical cancer than heterosexual women. There is no information on potential confounders. Better evidence is required, preferably monitoring sexual orientation in research using the existing validated measure and fully reporting results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lesbians have less uterine cancer than heterosexual women; bisexuals have more pelvic pain and cervical cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,16]],"date-time":"2016-11-16T13:32:55Z","timestamp":1479303175000},"page":"381-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Lesbian and bisexual women's gynaecological conditions: a systematic review and exploratory meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women's Health Women's Health Academic Centre King's College London and King's Health Partners  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KY","family":"Galloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women's Health Women's Health Academic Centre King's College London and King's Health Partners  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bewley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women's Health Women's Health Academic Centre King's College London and King's Health Partners  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Meads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND Europe Westbrook Centre  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1009","volume-title":"Gynaecology","author":"Fish J","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2014.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/537242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","article-title":"Cervical screening in lesbian and bisexual women: a review of the worldwide literature using systematic methods","author":"Fish J","year":"2009","journal-title":"NHS Cerv Screen Prog"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-442"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1393"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1188\/02.ONF.E1-E7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archfami.9.9.843"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.04.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(96)00132-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2005.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02587.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021423"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","unstructured":"Association of Reproductive Health Professionals Optimizing Reproductive Health Care of Women Who Have Sex with Women.2008[online] [www.arhp.org\/Publications-and-Resources\/Clinical-Fact-Sheets\/WSW]. Accessed 21 April 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.4.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","unstructured":"Office on Women's Health US Department of Health and Services.Lesbian and bisexual health fact sheet.2012[online] [womenshealth.gov\/publications\/our-publications\/fact-sheet\/lesbian-bisexualhealth.html] Accessed 25 April 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","unstructured":"HodsonK MeadsC BewleyS.Lesbian and bisexual women's likelihood of becoming pregnant: a systematic review(manuscript under review by BJOG)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21288"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460802337067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60224-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det445"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2010.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2014.931315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.25950"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg067"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/15.3.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.The Initial Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain. Green\u2013top Guideline No. 41.2012[\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/en\/guidelines-research-services\/guidelines\/gtg41\/] Accessed 23 April 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit664"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141905"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2012.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","unstructured":"BarkerM RichardsC JonesR Bowes\u2010CattonH PlowmanT YockneyJ et al.The bisexuality report. Milton Keynes: The Open University 2012 [online]. [https:\/\/bisexualresearch.files.wordpress.com\/2011\/08\/the-bisexualityreport.pdf] Accessed 14 April 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-014-0510-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.01.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9631-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330127194"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","volume-title":"Prescription for Change: Lesbian and Bisexual Women's Health Check","author":"Hunt R","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05394.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2015.1094033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/028134302321004845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2005.00566.x"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1471-0528.14414","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14414","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14414","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14414","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T08:15:09Z","timestamp":1694420109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14414"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.14414"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14414","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-08-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}