{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:55:53Z","timestamp":1790686553049,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]],"date-time":"2016-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23HD054645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23HD054645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare bladder sensitivity between patients with pelvic pain and patients who were pain free, undergoing noninvasive, controlled bladder distension via diuresis. We also sought to measure potential mechanisms underlying bladder sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective observational study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Community teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproductive\u2010age women with non\u2010bladder chronic pelvic pain (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPP<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023), painful bladder syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a023), and pelvic pain\u2010free controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a042)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were compared on cystometric capacity, pelvic floor pressure\u2010pain thresholds (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPT<\/jats:styled-content>s), pelvic muscle function, O'Leary\u2010Sant bladder questionnaire, and psychosocial instruments using Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests. Multivariate regression was used to identify factors underlying bladder pain phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pelvic floor pain thresholds; self\u2010reported bladder distension pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content> exhibited higher bladder distension pain than those with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPP<\/jats:styled-content>, with both groups reporting higher pain levels than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). No significant associations were found between bladder distension pain and pelvic muscle structure or pain sensitivity measures; however, bladder distension pain positively correlates with both vaginal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPT<\/jats:styled-content>s adjacent to the bladder (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.46) and pain with transvaginal bladder palpation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.56). Pain at maximal distension was less influenced by somatic sensitivity than bladder symptoms (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.35 versus <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.59; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.05). Multivariate regression identified three independent components of bladder symptoms in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>: bladder distension pain, bladder sensation, and somatic symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diuresis\u2010induced bladder pain differentiates <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CPP<\/jats:styled-content> from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>. Experimental bladder pain is not predicted by pelvic floor sensitivity. Compared with patient\u2010reported outcomes it appears less influenced by psychological factors. Further study is needed to determine whether screening for experimental bladder pain sensitivity could predict future risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controlled, water ingestion\u2010provoked bladder pain can objectively identify visceral pain sensitivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T03:32:51Z","timestamp":1482636771000},"page":"283-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Noninvasive experimental bladder pain assessment in painful bladder syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"FF","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston IL USA"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JN","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KM","family":"Hellman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology NorthShore University HealthSystem Evanston IL USA"},{"name":"Pritzker School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158452.15915.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20178"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90332-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.213447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e31827a71a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.01.081"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)80333-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)00593-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000258615.42478.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000289228.23903.cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63178-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000162020.10447.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00793.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2012.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018820315549"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.004313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(89)90453-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2013.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00458-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.132"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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