{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:22:15Z","timestamp":1792513335294,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]],"date-time":"2017-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Uterine fibroids (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) are the most common neoplasm affecting women that can cause significant morbidity and may adversely impact fertility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      epidemiology and to evaluate the relative strengths of putative risk factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and Embase were searched for studies published in English between January 1995 and April 2015.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Publications reporting relevant data from registries and other observational studies with over 1000 patients and single\u2010centre studies with over 100 patients were selected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      incidence, prevalence and associated risk factors were extracted from 60 publications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Wide ranges were reported in both\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      incidence (217\u20133745 cases per 100\u00a0000 women\u2010years) and prevalence (4.5\u201368.6%), depending on study populations and diagnostic methods. Black race was the only factor that was recurrently reported to increase\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk, by two\u2013threefold compared with white race. Eleven other factors affected\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk to a magnitude similar to or greater than race. Age, premenopausal state, hypertension, family history, time since last birth, and food additive and soybean milk consumption increased\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk; use of oral contraceptives or the injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, smoking in women with low body mass index and parity reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 12 risk factors that play an important role in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      epidemiology. The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      risk factor with the strongest evidence is black race. High\u2010quality prospective observational data are needed to improve our understanding of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      epidemiology, and thus its aetiology and optimal management.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uterine fibroids occur in about 70% of women. Black race and 11 other factors affect uterine fibroid risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,14]],"date-time":"2017-03-14T17:33:17Z","timestamp":1489512797000},"page":"1501-1512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":953,"title":["Epidemiology of uterine fibroids: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"EA","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CL","family":"Cookson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford PharmaGenesis Tubney Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RA","family":"Gandolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford PharmaGenesis Tubney Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Schulze\u2010Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology Bayer AG Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3880055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/94.4.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-3188(96)70030-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03622-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)45789-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S51083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"483","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomas. Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis","volume":"41","author":"Kjerulff KH","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199404000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6874-12-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(03)02207-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200005000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Obstetric characteristics and perinatal outcome of pregnancies with uterine leiomyomas","volume":"49","author":"Sheiner E","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000196806.25897.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2014.921675"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"The impact of uterine leiomyomas on reproductive outcomes","volume":"62","author":"Cook H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2013.4334"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00252-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199404000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200202000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.7.852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"The conservative and interventional treatment of fibroids","volume":"111","author":"Boosz AS","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.03.007"},{"issue":"1000","key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.6189.1","article-title":"Recent scientific advances in leiomyoma (uterine fibroids) research facilitates better understanding and management","volume":"4","author":"Taylor DK","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1251477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"1503","article-title":"Uterine fibroid tumors: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"75","author":"Evans P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2005.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079003202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.359"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume-title":"Te Linde's Operative Gynecology","author":"Thompson JD","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.grf.0000159538.27221.8c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000136079.62513.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"2264","article-title":"Fibroids (uterine myomatosis, leiomyomas)","author":"Lethaby A","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Evid"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2006.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000164"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Epidemiology of uterine myomas: a review","volume":"9","author":"Sparic R","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Steril"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s5821","article-title":"Epidemiologic contributions to understanding the etiology of uterine leiomyomata","volume":"108","author":"Schwartz SM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00534-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010-w1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00208-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.08.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199809000-00007","article-title":"Risk of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal women in relation to body size and cigarette smoking","volume":"9","author":"Marshall LM","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181567eed"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.04.065"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000126"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181ffb172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000158742.11877.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181567e92"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","unstructured":"California Teachers Study(Internet). [www.calteachersstudy.org\/WebsiteGraphs.html#IDX2]. Accessed 13 April 2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000154161.03418.e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2006.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.016600"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.12.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.073635"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(02)00308-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000147839.74848.7c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610400024583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.6.858"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610802149863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09911.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08409.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.12.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000114250"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","first-page":"3249","article-title":"Environmental exposure and risk of uterine leiomyoma: an epidemiologic survey","volume":"17","author":"Shen Y","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.06.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518752113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198210213071707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011533"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30696-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-014-0169-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/019262301301418900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-3804(05)60189-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-64-1-111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01606522"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000054360.61254.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1557(199609)5:5<315::AID-PDS229>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318197bbaf"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr351"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(00)00160-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2010.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2013000200007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Uterine fibroids: a ten\u2010year clinical review in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Aboyeji AP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610600613573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Myomectomy at the Federal Medical Centre Gombe","volume":"18","author":"Bukar M","year":"2009","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Uterine leiomyoma at the surgical department of the Teaching Hospital of Dakar, Report of 140 cases operated in two years","volume":"48","author":"Dia A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dakar Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K10E-024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508083566"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","first-page":"821","article-title":"Population\u2010based case\u2010control study on risk factors of uterine myomas","volume":"14","author":"Wang W","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chin J Cancer Prev Treat"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-008-0184-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2011.3008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Association of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia with the risk of uterine leiomyomata for female staffs in railway system","volume":"41","author":"Lin S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Yan Jiu"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgyn.2014.06.001"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1471-0528.14640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T13:19:51Z","timestamp":1695475191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.14640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14640","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-03-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-05-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}