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A PTB<\/jats:styled-content> or SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (as a proxy for FGR<\/jats:styled-content>) infant increased the risk of subsequent stillbirth ((pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>, 1.34\u20132.16) and (pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.98; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.70\u20132.31), respectively). A combination of exposures, such as a preterm SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (as a proxy for FGR<\/jats:styled-content>) birth, doubled the risk of subsequent stillbirth (pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 4.47; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.58\u20137.76). The risk of stillbirth also varied with prematurity, increasing three\u2010fold following PTB<\/jats:styled-content> <34\u00a0weeks of gestation (pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.98; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.05\u20134.34) and six\u2010fold following preterm SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (as a proxy for FGR<\/jats:styled-content>) <34\u00a0weeks of gestation (pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 6.00; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 3.43\u201310.49). A previous stillbirth increased the risk of PTB<\/jats:styled-content> (pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 2.82; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 2.31\u20133.45), and subsequent SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (as a proxy for FGR<\/jats:styled-content>) (pooled OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1.39; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.10\u20131.76).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>The risk of stillbirth, PTB<\/jats:styled-content>, or SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (as a proxy for FGR<\/jats:styled-content>) was moderately elevated in women who previously experienced a single exposure, but increased between two\u2010 and three\u2010fold when two prior adverse outcomes were combined. Clinical guidelines should consider the inter\u2010relationship of stillbirth, PTB<\/jats:styled-content>, and SGA<\/jats:styled-content>, and that each condition is an independent risk factor for the other conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>Risk of adverse birth outcomes in next pregnancy increases with the combined number of previous adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title>Why and how was the study carried out?<\/jats:title>\n\n\nEach year, around 2.6\u00a0million babies are stillborn, 15\u00a0million are born preterm (<37\u00a0weeks of gestation), and 32\u00a0million are born small for gestational age (less than tenth percentile for weight, smaller than usually expected for the relevant pregnancy stage).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nBeing born preterm or small for gestational age can increase the chance of long\u2010term health problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nThe effect of having a stillbirth, preterm birth, or small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age infant in a previous pregnancy on future pregnancy health has not been summarised.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nWe identified 3399 studies of outcomes of previous pregnancies, and 17 were summarised by our study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>What were the main findings?<\/jats:title>\n\n\nThe outcome of the previous pregnancy influenced the risk of poor outcomes in the next pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nBabies born to mothers who had a previous preterm birth or small\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age birth were more likely to be stillborn.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nThe smaller and the more preterm the previous baby, the higher the risk of stillbirth in the following pregnancy. The risk of stillbirth in the following pregnancy was doubled if the previous baby was born both preterm and small for gestational age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nBabies born to mothers who had a previous stillbirth were more likely to be preterm or small for gestational age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>What are the limitations of the work?<\/jats:title>\n\n\nWe included a small number of studies, as there are not enough studies in this area (adverse birth outcomes followed by adverse cross outcomes in the next pregnancy). <\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nWe found very few studies that compared the risk of small for gestational age after preterm birth or stillbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nDefinitions of stillbirth, preterm birth categories, and small for gestational age differed across studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nWe did not know the cause of stillbirth for most studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>What are the implications for patients?<\/jats:title>\n\n\nWomen who have a history of poor pregnancy outcomes are at greater risk of poor outcomes in following pregnancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\nHealth providers should be aware of this risk when treating patients with a history of poor pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,31]],"date-time":"2017-08-31T08:34:42Z","timestamp":1504168482000},"page":"183-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Risk of stillbirth, preterm delivery, and fetal growth restriction following exposure in a previous birth: systematic review and 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