{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:24:04Z","timestamp":1782739444283,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]],"date-time":"2017-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rifamycin antibiotics are commonly used for treatment of tuberculosis, but may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraception (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether interactions between rifamycins and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> result in decreased effectiveness or increased toxicity of either therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEDLINE<\/jats:styled-content>, Embase, Cochrane and clinicaltrials.gov through May 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included trials, cohort, and case\u2010control studies addressing pregnancy rates, pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>) outcomes when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content> and rifamycins were administered together versus apart. Of 7291 original records identified, 11 met inclusion criteria after independent review by two authors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two authors independently abstracted study details and assessed study quality using the United States Preventive Services Task Force grading system. Findings are reported descriptively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies only addressed combined oral contraceptives (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content>s) and none reported pregnancy rates. Quality ranged from good to poor. Rifampin increased the frequency of ovulation in two of four studies, and reduced estrogen and\/or progestin exposure in five studies. Rifabutin led to smaller <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content> changes than rifampin in two studies. In one study each, rifaximin and rifalazil did not alter hormone <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>No studies evaluated pregnancy risk or non\u2010oral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HC<\/jats:styled-content>s. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content> and ovulation outcomes support a clinically concerning drug interaction between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COC<\/jats:styled-content>s and rifampin, and to a lesser extent rifabutin. Data are limited for other rifamycins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rifampin and rifabutin reduce systemic exposure of oral contraceptives, but no studies have evaluated pregnancy risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,12]],"date-time":"2017-11-12T12:06:39Z","timestamp":1510488399000},"page":"804-811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Drug interactions between rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"KB","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LB","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Emory University Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FHI 360 Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KM","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report.World Health Organization; 2016. [http:\/\/www.who.int\/tb\/publications\/global_report\/en\/] Accessed 23 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw376"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development.United National General Assembly; 2015. [https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/post2015\/transformingourworld.] Accessed 23 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Trends in contraceptive use worldwide. In:Department of Economic and Social Affairs PD editor.New York:United Nations 2015. [http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/development\/desa\/population\/publications\/pdf\/family\/trendsContraceptiveUse2015Report.pdf] Accessed 23 October 2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"853","article-title":"Drug interactions between oral contraceptives and antibiotics","volume":"98","author":"Dickinson BD","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration: Guidance for industry: Drug interaction studies \u2010 study design data analysis implications for dosing and labeling recommendations. 2012. [https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/drugs\/guidances\/ucm292362.pdf] Accessed 23 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. 2015. [http:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/family_planning\/MEC-5\/en\/] Accessed 23 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2010.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","article-title":"Drug interactions between non\u2010rifamycin antibiotics and hormonal contraception: a systematic review","author":"Simmons KB","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"U.S. Preventative Services Task Force.Grade Definitions. 2016. [https:\/\/www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org\/Page\/Name\/grade-definitions] Accessed 23 October 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70138-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009127009803801109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00563105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(80)90125-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(80)90034-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1990.92"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H395"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP45418"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"365","article-title":"Plasma rifampicin levels during oral contraception","volume":"36","author":"Gupta KC","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Assoc Phys India"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"The simultaneous use of rifampicin and other antituberculosis agents with oral contraceptives [German]","volume":"25","author":"Reimers D","year":"1971","journal-title":"Prax Pneumol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1987.00370030169033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Failure of oral contraceptive with rifampicin","volume":"15","author":"Gupta KC","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med J Zambia"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2011.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2016.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"United States medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use","volume":"65","author":"Curtis KM","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morbid Mortal Wk Rep Recommend Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001392"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1471-0528.15027","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15027","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15027","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T06:16:40Z","timestamp":1694067400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.15027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.15027","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-11-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-12-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}