{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T18:27:18Z","timestamp":1793212038930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quinolones were contraindicated during pregnancy because of concerns regarding fetal malformations and carcinogenesis in animals. The literature is conflicting regarding their safety in humans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a meta\u2010analysis evaluating the risk for fetal malformations and pregnancy complications following exposure to quinolones during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Embase, PubMed, Medline, the Cochrane database, clinicaltrials.gov, and Dart Databases. We added articles found through the references of included articles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Relevant English citations using the terms quinolone\/s, fluoroquinolone\/s, and pregnancy in humans. Exclusion criteria were case reports, reviews, and articles without data regarding the study outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two authors performed the database search, assessment of eligibility, and abstraction of data from included studies. Disagreement was settled by consensus among all authors. The pooled odds ratios (with 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) were estimated. The Cochrane's\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010test of heterogeneity and\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2 were used for the measurement of heterogeneity. A total of 256 papers were retrieved, 13 of which met the inclusion criteria and were then analysed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No association was found between quinolones and fetal malformations (pooled odds ratio,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.08; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.96\u20131.21), preterm delivery (pooled\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.97; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.75\u20131.24), stillbirth (pooled\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.11; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.34\u20133.6), or miscarriage (pooled\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      1.78; 95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      0.93\u20133.38).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quinolones are not associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcomes; however, larger studies are needed before safety is established. Until then, it is suggested that quinolones should not be used as a first\u2010line therapy during the first trimester.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Quinolones were associated with favourable pregnancy outcomes; caution should be taken in the first trimester.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T12:23:05Z","timestamp":1515586985000},"page":"1069-1076","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["The safety of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in pregnancy: a meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Yefet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Authority and Biostatistics Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Chazan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit Emek Medical Center Afula Israel"},{"name":"Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Salim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; 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