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<37\u00a0weeks' gestation) and small for gestational age (SGA<\/jats:styled-content>; birthweight <10th<\/jats:sup> percentile) delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>Prospective, longitudinal.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>Multi\u2010site, observational cohort study initially consisting of 2787 black and white women aged 18\u201330 at baseline (1985\u201386) and followed for 25\u00a0years (Y25; 2010\u20132011).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Population<\/jats:title>768 nulliparous women at baseline who reported \u22651 live birth by the Y25 exam.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>We used Poisson regression to determine associations of exposures with PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>PTB<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or SGA<\/jats:styled-content> births.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Women with PTB<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0143) and\/or SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a088) were younger, had completed fewer years of education and were more likely to be black versus women without PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0546). Women with PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content> had lower fitness (501\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09 versus 535\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0seconds, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.002) and higher submaximal SBP<\/jats:styled-content> than women without PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content> (144\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01 versus 142\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01\u00a0mmHg, P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.04). After adjustment, no exercise test variables were associated with PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content>, though the association with HRR<\/jats:styled-content> and submaximal SBP<\/jats:styled-content> approached significance in the subset of women who completed the exercise test <5\u00a0years before the index birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Neither fitness nor haemodynamic responses to exercise a median of 5\u00a0years preceding pregnancy, were associated with PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content>. These findings indicate excess likelihood of PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content> is not detectable by low fitness or exercise haemodynamic responses 5\u00a0years preceding pregnancy, but exercise testing, especially HRR<\/jats:styled-content> and submaximal SBP<\/jats:styled-content>, may be more useful when conducted closer to the onset of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>Exercise testing conducted >5\u00a0years before pregnancy may not detect women likely to have PTB<\/jats:styled-content>\/SGA<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T22:20:04Z","timestamp":1517264404000},"page":"1127-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise haemodynamics and birth outcomes: the Coronary Artery Risk 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