{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:58:35Z","timestamp":1785322715370,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,12]],"date-time":"2018-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013\u20102429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\u20102429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\u20103561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\u20103561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the associations between prenatal exposures and risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>National registry\u2010based cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sweden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Girls born in Sweden during the years 1982\u20131995 (<jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0681\u00a0123).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The girls were followed until the year 2010 for a diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content>. We estimated the associations between maternal body mass index (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>), smoking, and size at birth with the risk of developing a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis. Risks were calculated by adjusted hazard ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>) and 95% confidence intervals (95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>A diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> at 15\u00a0years of age or later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the follow\u2010up period 3738 girls were diagnosed with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> (0.54%). Girls with mothers who were overweight or obese had 1.5\u20132.0 times higher risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a01.52, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.36\u20131.70; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a01.97, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.61\u20132.41, respectively), compared with girls born to mothers of normal weight. The risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> was increased if the mother smoked during pregnancy (1\u20139 cigarettes\/day, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a01.31, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.18\u20131.47; \u226510 cigarettes\/day, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aHR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a01.44, 95%\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.27\u20131.64). Being born small for gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content>) was associated with a later diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> in crude estimates, but the association was not significant after adjusting for maternal factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal smoking and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> appear to increase the risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> in offspring. The association between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SGA<\/jats:styled-content> and the development of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> appears to be mediated by maternal factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Smoking during pregnancy and high maternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> are associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCOS<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis in the offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T05:46:03Z","timestamp":1528868763000},"page":"244-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Prenatal exposures and birth indices, and subsequent risk of polycystic ovary syndrome: a national registry\u2010based cohort 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