{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:06:49Z","timestamp":1790615209309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRI 88413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRI 88413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To explore differences in the vaginal microbiome between preterm and term deliveries.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Nested case\u2013control study in 3D cohort (design, develop, discover).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Quebec, Canada.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Sample<\/jats:title>\n Ninety\u2010four women with spontaneous preterm birth as cases [17 early (<34 weeks) and 77 late (34\u201336 weeks) preterm birth] and 356 women as controls with term delivery (\u226537 weeks).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess the vaginal microbiome by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal\n RNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) gene in swabs self\u2010collected during early pregnancy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Comparison of relative abundance of bacterial operational taxonomic units and oligotypes and identifying vaginal community state types (\n CST<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) in early or late spontaneous preterm and term deliveries.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Lactobacillus gasseri\/ Lactobacillus johnsonii<\/jats:italic>\n (coefficient \u22125.36, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u22128.07 to \u22122.65),\n Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n (99%)\/\n Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n (99%) (\u22124.58, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u22126.20 to \u22122.96),\n Lactobacillus iners<\/jats:italic>\n (99%)\/\n Ralstonia solanacearum<\/jats:italic>\n (99%) (\u22123.98, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u22126.48 to \u22121.47) and\n Bifidobacterium longum<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic>\n (\u22128.84, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u221212.96 to \u22124.73) were associated with decreased risk of early but not late preterm birth. Six vaginal\n CST<\/jats:styled-content>\n s were identified: four dominated by\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n ; one with presence of bacterial vaginosis\u2010associated bacteria (\n Gardnerella vaginalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Atopobium vaginae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Veillonellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n bacterium) (\n CST IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); and one with nondominance of\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n CST VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ).\n CST IV<\/jats:styled-content>\n was associated with increased risk of early (4.22, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.24\u201324.85) but not late (1.63, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.68\u20135.04) preterm birth, compared with\n CST VI<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Lactobacillus gasseri<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n L. johnsonii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n L. crispatus<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n L. iners<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n R. solanacearum<\/jats:italic>\n and\n B. longum<\/jats:italic>\n \/\n B. breve<\/jats:italic>\n may be associated with decreased risk of early preterm birth. A bacterial vaginosis\u2010related vaginal\n CST<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus a\n CST<\/jats:styled-content>\n nondominated by\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n may be associated with increased risk of early preterm birth.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Largest study of its kind finds certain species of vaginal\n Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n +\n Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n may relate to lower risk of preterm birth.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,23]],"date-time":"2018-05-23T15:55:45Z","timestamp":1527090945000},"page":"349-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Vaginal microbiome in early pregnancy and subsequent risk of spontaneous preterm birth: a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Tabatabaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LB","family":"Barreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Research Center of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Yotova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Research Center of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Dumaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics Research Center of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Allard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Sherbrooke University Hospital Centre (CRCHUS) Sherbrooke QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"WD","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of CHU Sainte\u2010Justine University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada"},{"name":"Department of 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