{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T15:56:55Z","timestamp":1773417415978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001424","name":"American Liver Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate whether Roux\u2010en\u2010Y gastric bypass (RYGB) affects oral desogestrel (etonogestrel) pharmacokinetics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single centre, open label, phase\u20102 pharmacokinetic study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University hospital of Link\u00f6ping, Sweden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen women with planned <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RYGB<\/jats:styled-content> surgery were included; nine women aged 18\u201345 years using 75 micrograms desogestrel completed the study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Steady\u2010state etonogestrel pharmacokinetic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PK<\/jats:styled-content>) parameters were measured on three occasions for each individual (at 8 \u00b1 6 weeks before surgery, and at 12 \u00b1 2 and 52 \u00b1 2 weeks after surgery). Each patient served as her own control. On each occasion, serum samples were collected during a 24\u2010hour period and etonogestrel concentrations were determined with ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Area under the plasma concentration time curve of etonogestrel (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0\u201324 hours<\/jats:sub>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All women had significant postoperative weight loss. There were no significant differences in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AUC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0\u201324 hours<\/jats:sub>, terminal half\u2010lives (<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>\u00bd<\/jats:sub>), time to peak serum concentrations (<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>), or apparent oral clearances of etonogestrel (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CL<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>oral<\/jats:sub>) before and after gastric bypass surgery on any occasion. Peak serum concentrations (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) increased after 52 \u00b1 2 weeks compared with preoperative values (0.817 ng\/ml versus 0.590 ng\/ml, <jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic> 0.024).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effects on desogestrel pharmacokinetics after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RYGB<\/jats:styled-content>. This study did not reveal any clinically significant changes in etonogestrel pharmacokinetics, suggesting that oral desogestrel may be used by women after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RYGB<\/jats:styled-content> surgery. The sample size was limited, however, and therefore the results should be interpreted cautiously.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pharmacokinetics of oral desogestrel does not appear to change after gastric bypass surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T23:33:53Z","timestamp":1540251233000},"page":"486-492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Plasma concentrations of etonogestrel in women using oral desogestrel before and after Roux\u2010en\u2010Y gastric bypass surgery: a pharmacokinetic study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Ginstman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Frisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Link\u00f6ping University Norrk\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"\u00c4rlemalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"H\u00e4gg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Futurum, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County Department of Medical and Health Sciences Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Brynhildsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Link\u00f6ping University Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"NCD.Risk factor Collaboration 2016. 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