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Faecal samples collected at 6\u00a0weeks and 1\u00a0year of age were characterised by 16S <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">rRNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequencing, and metagenomics analysis in a subset of samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Exposures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal exposure to antibiotics during labour and delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taxonomic and functional profiles of faecal samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Infant exposure to intrapartum antibiotics, particularly to two or more antibiotic classes, was independently associated with lower microbial diversity scores as well as a unique bacterial community at 6\u00a0weeks (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GU<\/jats:styled-content>nifrac, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). At 1\u00a0year, infants in the penicillin\u2010only group had significantly lower \u03b1 diversity scores than infants not exposed to intrapartum antibiotics. Within the first year of life, intrapartum exposure to penicillins was related to a significantly lower increase in several taxa including <jats:italic>Bacteroides,<\/jats:italic> use of cephalosporins was associated with a significantly lower rise over time in <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> and infants in the multi\u2010class group experienced a significantly higher increase in <jats:italic>Veillonella dispar<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that intrapartum antibiotics alter the developmental trajectory of the infant gut microbiome,\u00a0and specific antibiotic types may impact community composition, diversity and keystone immune training taxa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Class of intrapartum antibiotics administered during delivery relates to maturation of infant gut microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,21]],"date-time":"2019-04-21T13:26:55Z","timestamp":1555853215000},"page":"217-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Specific class of intrapartum antibiotics relates to maturation of the infant gut microbiota: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"MO","family":"Coker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AG","family":"Hoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH USA"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Epidemiology The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover NH 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