{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:15:42Z","timestamp":1790036142397,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>Adiposity has been associated with elevated risk of urinary incontinence in epidemiological studies; however, the strength of the association has differed between studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Objectives<\/jats:title>To conduct a systematic literature review and dose\u2013response meta\u2010analysis of prospective studies on adiposity and risk of urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Search strategy<\/jats:title>We searched PubMed and Embase databases up to 19 July 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Selection criteria<\/jats:title>Prospective cohort studies were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Data collection and analysis<\/jats:title>Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Summary relative risks (RR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% confidence intervals (CI<\/jats:styled-content>s) were calculated using random effects models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Main results<\/jats:title>Twenty\u2010four prospective studies were included. The summary RR<\/jats:styled-content> per 5\u00a0kg\/m2<\/jats:sup> increment in body mass index (BMI)<\/jats:styled-content> was 1.20 (95% CI 1.16\u20131.25, I<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a062%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a011) for population\u2010based studies and 1.19 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.08\u20131.30, I<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a087.1%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) for pregnancy\u2010based studies, 1.18 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.14\u20131.22, I<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a00%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) per 10\u00a0cm increase in waist circumference and 1.34 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.11\u20131.62, I<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a090%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) per 10\u00a0kg of weight gain. Although the test for nonlinearity was significant for BMI<\/jats:styled-content>, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04, the association was approximately linear. For subtypes of urinary incontinence the summary RR<\/jats:styled-content> per 5 BMI<\/jats:styled-content> units was 1.45 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.25\u20131.68, I<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a085%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) for frequent incontinence, 1.52 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.37\u20131.68, I<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a034%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04) for severe incontinence, 1.33 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.26\u20131.41, I<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08) for stress incontinence, 1.26 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.14\u20131.40, I<\/jats:italic>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a070%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07) for urge incontinence, and 1.52 (95% CI<\/jats:styled-content> 1.36\u20131.69, I<\/jats:italic>2\u00a0<\/jats:sup>=\u00a00%, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03) for mixed incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusion<\/jats:title>These results suggest excess weight may increase risk of urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title>Overweight and obesity increase the risk of urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,3]],"date-time":"2019-08-03T06:29:32Z","timestamp":1564813772000},"page":"1424-1433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Body mass index, abdominal fatness, weight gain and the risk of urinary incontinence: a systematic review and dose\u2013response meta\u2010analysis of prospective studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Aune","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Imperial College London London UK"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Bj\u00f8rknes University College Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Mahamat\u2010Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CESP, Fac. de m\u00e9decine \u2010 Univ. 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