{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:53:42Z","timestamp":1789523622218,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore obstetricians\u2019 and gynaecologists\u2019 experiences of work\u2010related traumatic events, to measure the prevalence and predictors of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), any impacts on personal and professional lives, and any support needs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mixed methods: cross\u2010sectional survey and in\u2010depth interviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fellows, members and trainees of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was sent to 6300 fellows, members and trainees of RCOG. 1095 people responded. Then 43 in\u2010depth interviews with trauma\u2010exposed participants were completed and analysed by template analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to traumatic work\u2010related events and PTSD, personal and professional impacts, and whether there was any need for support. Interviews explored the impact of trauma, what helped or hindered psychological recovery, and any assistance wanted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two\u2010thirds reported exposure to traumatic work\u2010related events. Of these, 18% of both consultants and trainees reported clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Staff of black or minority ethnicity were at increased risk of PTSD. Clinically significant PTSD symptoms were associated with lower job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Organisational impacts included sick leave, and \u2018seriously considering leaving the profession\u2019. 91% wanted a system of care. The culture in obstetrics and gynaecology was identified as a barrier to trauma support. A strategy to manage the impact of work\u2010place trauma is proposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to work\u2010related trauma is a feature of the experience of obstetricians and gynaecologists. Some will suffer PTSD with high personal, professional and organisational impacts. A system of care is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>18% of obstetrics and gynaecology doctors experience post\u2010traumatic stress disorder after traumatic events at work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T00:01:05Z","timestamp":1580169665000},"page":"600-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Work\u2010related post\u2010traumatic stress symptoms in obstetricians and gynaecologists: findings from INDIGO, a mixed\u2010methods study with a cross\u2010sectional survey and in\u2010depth interviews"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Slade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Balling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Life Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Sheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-5007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L","family":"Goodfellow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Rymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Women\u2019s Health Kings\u2019 College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Spiby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences University of Nottingham Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health University of Liverpool Liverpool UK"},{"name":"Liverpool Women\u2019s Hospital Foundation Trust and Liverpool Health Partners Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31573-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"l364","article-title":"Doctors and their defences","volume":"4","author":"Gerada C","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k4974"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"Investigating burnout, wellbeing and defensive medical practice among obstetricians and gynaecologists in the United Kingdom","volume":"1","author":"Bourne T","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u20105\u00ae).American Psychiatric Pub;2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14259"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12695"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"399","volume-title":"The Impact of Event Scale\u2010revised. 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