{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:58:22Z","timestamp":1778173102159,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002402","name":"Sun Yat-sen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the live birth rate and cost effectiveness of artificial cycle\u2010prepared frozen embryo transfer (AC\u2010FET) with or without GnRH agonist (GnRH\u2010a) pretreatment for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Open\u2010label, randomised, controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reproductive centre of a university\u2010affiliated hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 343 women with PCOS, aged 24\u201340\u00a0years, scheduled for AC\u2010FET and receiving no more than two blastocysts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pretreatment group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0172) received GnRH\u2010a pretreatment and the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0171) did not. Analysis followed the intention\u2010to\u2010treat (ITT) principle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome measure was live birth rate. Secondary outcome measures included clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, early pregnancy loss rate and direct treatment costs per FET cycle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 343 women randomised, 330 (96.2%) underwent embryo transfer and 328 (95.6%) completed the protocols. Live birth rate according to ITT did not differ between the pretreatment and control groups [85\/172 (49.4%) versus 92\/171 (53.8%), absolute rate difference \u22124.4%, 95% CI \u221210.8% to 2.0% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.45). Implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and early pregnancy loss rate also did not differ between groups, but median direct cost per FET cycle was significantly higher in the pretreatment group (7799.2 versus 4438.9 RMB, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.9, 95%CI 1.2\u20133.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Median direct cost per live birth was also significantly higher in the pretreatment group (15663.1 versus 8189.9 RMB, odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a01.9, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.8, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pretreatment with GnRH\u2010a does not improve pregnancy outcomes for women with PCOS receiving AC\u2010FET, but significantly increases patient cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>For women with PCOS, artificial cycle\u2010prepared FET with GnRH agonist pretreatment provides no pregnancy outcome benefit but incurs higher cost.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T05:00:13Z","timestamp":1597208413000},"page":"667-674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Pregnancy outcome and cost\u2010effectiveness comparisons of artificial cycle\u2010prepared frozen embryo transfer with or without GnRH agonist pretreatment for polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomised controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Reproductive Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Reproductive Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Reproductive Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Reproductive Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Reproductive Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Q","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center of Reproductive Medicine First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des386"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-15-154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1513873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"CD003414","article-title":"Cycle regimens for frozen\u2010thawed embryo transfer","volume":"7","author":"Ghobara 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