{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T03:18:31Z","timestamp":1782875911693,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000306","name":"Tommy's Baby Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000306","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001515","name":"Cure Kids","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GN2156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN2156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011243","name":"Stillborn and Neonatal Death Charity","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000317","name":"Action Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GN2156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GN2156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000317","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate behavioural and social characteristics of women who experienced a late stillbirth compared with women with ongoing live pregnancies at similar gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2010control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>41 maternity units in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who had a stillbirth \u226528\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0287) and women with an ongoing pregnancy at the time of interview (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0714).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected using an interviewer\u2010administered questionnaire which included questions regarding women\u2019s behaviours (e.g. alcohol intake and household smoke exposure) and social characteristics (e.g. ethnicity, employment, housing). Stress was measured by the 10\u2010item Perceived Stress Scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Late stillbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariable analysis adjusting for co\u2010existing social and behavioural factors showed women living in the most deprived quintile had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with the least deprived quintile (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.16; 95% CI 1.47\u20136.77). There was an increased risk of late stillbirth associated with unemployment (aOR 2.32; 95% CI 1.00\u20135.38) and women who declined to answer the question about domestic abuse (aOR 4.12; 95% CI 2.49\u20136.81). A greater number of antenatal visits than recommended was associated with a reduction in stillbirth (aOR 0.26; 95% CI 0.16\u20130.42).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates associations between late stillbirth and socio\u2010economic deprivation, perceived stress and domestic abuse, highlighting the need for strategies to prevent stillbirth to extend beyond maternity care. Enhanced antenatal care may be able to mitigate some of the increased risk of stillbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deprivation, unemployment, social stress &amp; declining to answer about domestic abuse increase risk of #stillbirth after 28\u00a0weeks\u2019 gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T23:13:37Z","timestamp":1601421217000},"page":"704-713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Associations between social and behavioural factors and the risk of late stillbirth \u2013 findings from the Midland and North of England Stillbirth case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-7845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"AEP","family":"Heazell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre School of Medical Sciences University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"St Mary's Hospital Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Budd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St Mary's Hospital Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-0793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LK","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences College of Life Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3095-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-8004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Bradford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9915-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"LME","family":"McCowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6187-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"EA","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics: Child Health and Youth Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2002-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T","family":"Stacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human and Health Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK"},{"name":"Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust Huddersfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Women\u2019s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JMD","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics: Child Health and Youth Health University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01020-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Saving Babies\u2019 Lives \u2013 A care bundle for reducing stillbirth","author":"O'Connor D","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"DraperES GallimoreIDKurinczukJJ SmithPW BobyT SmithLK et al.MBRRACE\u2010UK Perinatal Mortality Surveillance Report UK Perinatal Deaths for Births from January to December 2016. 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