{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:57:28Z","timestamp":1790873848640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009324","name":"Tommy's","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Scottish Charity number SC039280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Scottish Charity number SC039280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["209560\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["209560\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the risk of spontaneous and medically indicated preterm birth associated with mode of birth in previous term\u2010born pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two UK maternity units.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population or sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 16\u00a0340 women with first two consecutive singleton births and the first birth at term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study using routinely collected clinical data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incidence of spontaneous preterm birth and medically indicated preterm birth at less than 37\u00a0weeks of gestation after term birth, in relation to mode of birth in first pregnancy. Subgroup analysis on cervical dilatation at the time of first caesarean birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with vaginal birth, emergency caesarean birth at full dilatation was associated with an increase in spontaneous preterm birth (2.3% vaginal birth versus 4.5% full dilatation caesarean; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.29, 95% CI 2.02\u20135.13, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Elective caesarean, emergency caesarean at &lt;4\u00a0cm dilatation, and emergency caesarean at 4\u20139\u00a0cm dilatation were associated with increased medically indicated preterm birth (0.8% vaginal births versus 1.9% elective caesarean, 3.3% &lt;4\u00a0cm caesarean, 1.3% 4\u20139\u00a0cm caesarean; aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.19\u20134.15, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009; aOR 4.68, 95% CI 2.98\u20137.24, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; and aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.43\u20134.00, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Term caesarean in the first stage of labour or performed prelabour is associated with medically indicated preterm birth. Term caesarean in the second stage of labour is associated with spontaneous preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caesarean in the second stage of labour is associated with spontaneous preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T07:46:50Z","timestamp":1602488810000},"page":"1020-1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Caesarean birth and risk of subsequent preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health MRC Centre for Reproductive Health Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health MRC Centre for Reproductive Health Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S Murray","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health MRC Centre for Reproductive Health Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4308-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"SJ","family":"Stock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health MRC Centre for Reproductive Health Queen's Medical Research Institute University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"Usher Institute University of Edinburgh NINE Edinburgh BioQuarter Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence NG25: Preterm Labour and Birth","author":"NICE","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.02.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111426602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2654-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Assessment of SMR02 (Maternity Inpatient and Day Case) Data; Scotland 2017\u20132018","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020: Scottish Government[www.gov.scot\/collections\/scottish\u2010index\u2010of\u2010multiple\u2010deprivation\u20102020\/]. 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