{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:44:43Z","timestamp":1785451483482,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the effect of inhaled nitrous oxide (INO) on pain control during in\u2010office hysteroscopy with 1% lidocaine paracervical infiltration and no analgesic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010blind stratified randomised clinical trial with masked assessment by a third party.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in a Spanish hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who underwent hysteroscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were stratified into three groups according to the purpose of the hysteroscopy (biopsy, polypectomy or tubal sterilisation) and then assigned to different treatment groups through a permuted\u2010blocks randomisation within strata. Pain scale was provided by a gynaecologist totally blinded to procedures and treatments. Effects were assessed using a one\u2010way analysis of variance following an intention\u2010to\u2010treat approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 100\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 314 women were included: 105 to INO, 104 to 1% lidocaine and 105 to no analgesic. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Mean VAS score after the procedure was 34.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a025.8\u00a0mm, 36.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.9\u00a0mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01.0) and 47.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a028.2\u00a0mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.001) for INO, 1% lidocaine and no analgesic, respectively. No adverse events were reported in 91 (86.7%) patients in the INO group compared with 79 (76%) in the 1%\u2010lidocaine group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04) and 85 (81%) in the no\u2010analgesic group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.26).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>INO was as effective as 1% lidocaine in pain control for in\u2010office hysteroscopy and was better tolerated. The no\u2010analgesic group presented the poorer results, so was the least recommended clinical option.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T15:09:03Z","timestamp":1612537743000},"page":"1364-1372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Nitrous oxide versus lidocaine versus no analgesic for in\u2010office hysteroscopy: a randomised clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-9780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JA","family":"Solano Calvo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospital \u2018Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias\u2019 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"del Valle Rubido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University Hospital \u2018Ram\u00f3n y Cajal\u2019 Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit University Hospital \u2018Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias\u2019 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacology Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Alcal\u00e1 (IRYCIS) Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"FJ","family":"de Abajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology Unit University Hospital \u2018Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias\u2019 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacology Unit Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Alcal\u00e1 (IRYCIS) Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid 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