{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:29:24Z","timestamp":1787804964293,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1\/DP000187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1\/DP000187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the second\u2010trimester plasma cell\u2010free (PCF) transcriptome of women who delivered at term with that of women with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) at or before 32\u00a0weeks of gestation and identify\/validate PCF RNA markers present by 16\u00a0weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Academic tertiary care centre.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women with known outcomes prospectively sampled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PCF RNAs extracted from women at 22\u201324\u00a0weeks of gestation (five sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks and five at term) were hybridised to gene expression arrays. Differentially regulated RNAs for sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks were initially selected based on <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value compared with control (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.01) and fold change (\u22651.5\u00d7). Potential markers were then reordered by narrowness of distribution. Final marker selection was made by searching the Metacore\u2122 database to determine whether the PCF RNAs interacted with a reported set of myometrial Preterm Initiator genes. RNAs were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and tested in a second group of 40 women: 20 with sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks (mean gestation 26.5\u00a0weeks, standard deviation \u00b12.6\u00a0weeks), 20 with spontaneous term delivery (40.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.9\u00a0weeks) sampled at 16\u201319<jats:sup>+5<\/jats:sup>\u00a0weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measure<\/jats:title><jats:p>Identification of PCF RNAs predictive of sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and ninety\u2010seven PCR RNAs were differentially expressed in sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks of gestation. Further selection retained 99 RNAs (86 mRNAs and 13 microRNAs) and five of these interacted in silica with seven Preterm Initiator genes. Four of five RNAs were confirmed and tested on the validation group. The expression of each confirmed PCF RNA was significantly higher in sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks of gestation. In vitro study of the four mRNAs revealed higher expression in placentas of women with sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks and the potential to interfere with myometrial quiescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PCF RNA markers are highly associated with sPTB up to 32\u00a0weeks by 16\u00a0weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women destined for spontaneous preterm birth can be identified by 16\u00a0weeks of gestation with a panel of maternal plasma RNAs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T06:25:37Z","timestamp":1620627937000},"page":"1870-1880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Early pregnancy prediction of spontaneous preterm birth before 32 completed weeks of pregnancy using plasma RNA: transcriptome discovery and initial validation of an RNA panel of markers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1044-9026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"CP","family":"Weiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City KS USA"},{"name":"Rosetta Signaling Laboratory Mission Hills KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rosetta Signaling Laboratory Mission Hills KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Kansas School of Medicine Kansas City KS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Cuckle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Clinical Research University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Egerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Buhimschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Buhimschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30451-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"2017 Cambridge University Press Cambridge UK NL Hezelgrave AH Shennan D James PJ Steer CP Weiner B Gonik SC Robson Chapter 54: Threatened and Actual Preterm LaborHigh Risk Pregnancy: Management Options 1626 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