{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:32:02Z","timestamp":1793215922204,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy and childbirth increase the risk for pelvic floor dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction. So far, the mechanisms and the extent to which certain risk factors play a role remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this systematic review of the literature we aimed to determine risk factors for sexual dysfunction in the first year after childbirth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL using the search strategy: sexual dysfunction AND obstetric events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included original, comparative studies, reported in English, that used validated questionnaires and the ICS\/IUGA terminology for sexual dysfunction, dyspareunia and vaginal dryness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We assessed the quality and the risk of bias of the included studies with the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale. We extracted the reported data and we performed random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis to obtain the summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%\u00a0CIs). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anal sphincter injury was associated with increased odds for both sexual dysfunction (OR\u00a03.00, 95%CI 1.28\u20137.03) and dyspareunia (OR\u00a01.92, 95%\u00a0CI 1.47\u20132.52). Episiotomy was associated with dyspareunia (OR\u00a01.64, 95%\u00a0CI 1.25\u20132.14), but not with sexual dysfunction (OR\u00a01.90, 95%\u00a0CI 0.94\u20133.84). Compared with spontaneous birth, caesarean section reduced the odds for dyspareunia (OR\u00a00.68, 95%\u00a0CI 0.54\u20130.86) but not for sexual dysfunction (OR\u00a01.14, 95%\u00a0CI 0.89\u20131.46). Instrumental vaginal birth increased the odds for sexual dysfunction (OR\u00a01.70, 95%\u00a0CI 1.05\u20132.76), yet no difference was found for dyspareunia (OR\u00a01.82, 95%\u00a0CI 0.88\u20133.75). One study of low quality reported on vaginal dryness and found no association with obstetric events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perineal trauma, rather than mode of birth, increases the odds for sexual dysfunction in the first year after childbirth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Tweetable Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perineal trauma, rather than mode of birth, correlates with sexual dysfunction and dyspareunia postpartum. #dyspareunia #OASI #episiotomy<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.16934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T13:33:03Z","timestamp":1631971983000},"page":"1017-1028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Predictors for sexual dysfunction in the first year postpartum: A\u00a0systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5232-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Cattani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Urogenital Surgery, Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"De Maeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Urogenital Surgery, Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan Y","family":"Verbakel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bosteels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Urogenital Surgery, Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Imelda Hospital  Bonheiden Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Deprest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Urogenital Surgery, Biomedical Sciences KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Research Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3603-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12901"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03882.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11689.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113855"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2017.1315938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106874\u201011\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1997.tb11463.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-6138(93)90023-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2019.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.01.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462312000086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0579-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874434600903010033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Organization WH.Obesity and overweight. 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