{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:17:29Z","timestamp":1790687849236,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,4]],"date-time":"2022-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the characteristics and outcomes of pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective 20\u2010year cohort study (2000\u201320).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sixteen tertiary referral maternity units in the UK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population or sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 81 women with Turner syndrome who became pregnant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective chart analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mode of conception, pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained data on 127 pregnancies in 81 women with a Turner phenotype. All non\u2010spontaneous pregnancies (54\/127; 42.5%) were by egg donation. Only 9\/31 (29%) pregnancies in women with karyotype 45,X were spontaneous, compared with 53\/66 (80.3%) pregnancies in women with mosaic karyotype 45,X\/46,XX (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Women with mosaic karyotype 45,X\/46,XX were younger at first pregnancy by 5.5\u20138.5\u2009years compared with other Turner syndrome karyotype groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and more likely to have a spontaneous menarche (75.8% versus 50% or less, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). There were 17 miscarriages, three terminations of pregnancy, two stillbirths and 105 live births. Two women had aortic dissection (2.5%); both were 45,X karyotype with bicuspid aortic valves and ovum donation pregnancies, one died. Another woman had an aortic root replacement within 6\u2009months of delivery. Ten of 106 (9.4%) births with gestational age data were preterm and 22\/96 (22.9%) singleton infants with birthweight\/gestational age data weighed less than the tenth centile. The caesarean section rate was 72\/107 (67.3%). In only 73\/127 (57.4%) pregnancies was there documentation of cardiovascular imaging within the 24\u2009months before conceiving.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is associated with major maternal cardiovascular risks; these women deserve thorough cardiovascular assessment and counselling before assisted or spontaneous pregnancy managed by a specialist team.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnancy in women with Turner syndrome is associated with an increased risk of aortic dissection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T15:19:17Z","timestamp":1637421557000},"page":"796-803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Pregnancies in women with Turner syndrome: a retrospective multicentre UK study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Cauldwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Maternal Medicine Service St George's Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PJ","family":"Steer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Adamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Edinburgh Royal Infirmary  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Cardiff and Vale University Health Board  Cardiff UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Bhagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Addenbrookes Hospital  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bolger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Glenfield Hospital  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Bonner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Mary's Managed Clinical Service Manchester University Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Calanchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7369-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Hudsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease University Hospitals Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals Sussex  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Joy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Leeds 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Dublin National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1247-429X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RK","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Von Klemperer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Barts Heart Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Royal London Hospital  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