{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:48:49Z","timestamp":1792194529978,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the cost\u2010effectiveness of app\u2010based treatment for female stress, urgency or mixed urinary incontinence (UI) compared with care\u2010as\u2010usual in Dutch primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pragmatic, randomised controlled, superiority trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary care in the Netherlands from 2015 to 2018, follow\u2010up at 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with \u22652 UI\u2010episodes per week, access to mobile apps, wanting treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The standalone app included conservative management for UI with motivation aids (e.g. reminders). Care\u2010as\u2010usual delivered according to the Dutch GP guideline for UI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Costs and cost\u2010effectiveness and \u2010utility were assessed from a societal perspective, based on incontinence impact adjusted life years (IIALYs), quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and medical, non\u2010medical and productivity costs. Information on costs was obtained with the iMCQ and iPCQ questionnaires (medical consumption and productivity cost questionnaires).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all, 262 women were andomised equally to app or care\u2010as\u2010usual; 89 (68%) and 83 (63%) attended follow\u2010up, respectively. Costs were lower for app\u2010based treatment with \u20ac \u2212161 (95% confidence interval [CI \u2212180 to \u2212151) per year. Cost\u2010effectiveness showed small mean differences in effect for IIALY (0.04) and QALY (\u22120.03) and thus larger incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratios (ICER: \u2212\u20ac3696) and incremental cost\u2010utility ratios (ICUR: \u20ac6379).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>App\u2010based treatment is a cost\u2010effective alternative to care\u2010as\u2010usual for women with UI in Dutch primary care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Tweetable abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>App\u2010treatment for female urinary incontinence cost\u2010effective compared to care\u2010as\u2010usual in general practice after 12\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]],"date-time":"2022-04-23T08:31:35Z","timestamp":1650702695000},"page":"1538-1545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cost\u2010effectiveness of an app\u2010based treatment for urinary incontinence in comparison with care\u2010as\u2010usual in Dutch general practice: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial over 12\u2009months"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6582-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne M. 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