{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:52:10Z","timestamp":1792738330658,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017596","name":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V\u201018283\/68605\/2019\u20102020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V\u201018283\/68605\/2019\u20102020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among young women for nine combined oral contraceptives (COCs), including progestogens with an as yet unclear risk of VTE such as chlormadinone and nomegestrol, using COCs containing levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol (&lt;50\u2009\u03bcg) as a reference.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Case\u2013control study nested in a cohort of new users of COCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>German claims data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1166 cases of VTE matched to 11\u2009660 controls nested in a cohort of 677\u2009331 girls and young women aged 10\u201319\u2009years with one or more COCs dispensed between 2005 and 2017 after a 1\u2010year period without any COCs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Confounder\u2010adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of VTE associated with current use of the respective COCs were calculated using conditional logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous thromboembolism (VTE), defined as a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol (&lt;50\u2009\u03bcg), the risk of VTE was increased two\u2010fold for COCs containing dienogest (aOR\u00a02.23, 95%\u00a0CI 1.77\u20132.80), cyproterone (aOR\u00a02.15, 95%\u00a0CI 1.43\u20133.25), chlormadinone (aOR\u00a02.06, 95% CI 1.58\u20132.68), desogestrel (aOR\u00a01.93, 95%\u00a0CI 1.44\u20132.61) and drospirenone (aOR\u00a01.89, 95% CI\u00a01.41\u20132.55), and increased five\u2010fold for gestodene (aOR 5.05, 95% CI 1.23\u201320.74). For norgestimate and nomegestrol, the point estimates suggest a two\u2010fold increased risk (aOR\u00a01.90, 95%\u00a0CI 0.62\u20135.81) and 40% increased risk (aOR\u00a01.41, 95%\u00a0CI 0.52\u20133.81), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study confirms that levonorgestrel with low ethinylestradiol (&lt;50\u2009\u03bcg) is the COC associated with the lowest risk of VTE and suggests that for chlormadinone the risk of VTE is two times higher, and thus in the same range as for desogestrel and drospirenone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T14:34:21Z","timestamp":1658759661000},"page":"2107-2116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Use of combined oral contraceptives and risk of venous thromboembolism in young women: a nested case\u2013control analysis using German claims data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0224-1866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tania","family":"Schink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Princk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7534-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte","family":"Braitmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biometry and Data Management Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Haug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Human and Health Sciences University of Bremen  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency.Assessment report for combined hormonal contraceptives containing medicinal products (EMA\/739865\/2013). London: European Medicines Agency; 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12455"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Databases for pharmacoepidemiological research","author":"Haug U","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S222888"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-019-00837-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S173667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40801-017-0113-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-017-0511-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470061596.risk0599"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/25.6.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","unstructured":"BZgA.Repr\u00e4sentativerhebung. 2018 [cited 2020 July 07]; Available from:https:\/\/www.dhs.de\/suechte\/tabak"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001515"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2135"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Risiko ven\u00f6ser Thromboembolien bei Einnahme von kombinierten hormonalen Kontrazeptiva","volume":"2","author":"Schink T","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bulletin zur Arzneimittelsicherheit"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17268","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17268","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T05:39:58Z","timestamp":1692596398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.17268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17268","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}