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We used generalised estimating equations to analyse risk of frequent VMS and Cox regression to analyse duration of frequent VMS in years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequent VMS (hot flashes and night sweats) were measured annually for 10\u2009years, defined as occurring \u22656\u2009days in the past 2\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 57.1% of women reported hot flashes and 43.0% reported night sweats during follow\u2010up. Lifetime lactation was inversely associated with hot flashes plateauing at 12\u2009months of breastfeeding (6\u00a0months: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75\u20130.96; 12\u2009months: AOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65\u20130.93) and was inversely associated with night sweats in a downward linear fashion (6\u00a0months: AOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81\u20131.08; 18\u2009months: AOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67\u20131.02; 30\u2009months: AOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56\u20130.97). Lifetime lactation was associated with shorter duration of hot flashes and night sweats in a quadratic (bell\u2010shaped) fashion. The association was strongest at 12\u201318\u2009months of breastfeeding and significant for hot flashes (6\u00a0months: adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.65; 18\u2009months: AHR 1.54, 95% CI 1.16\u20132.03; 30\u2009months: AHR 1.18, 95% CI 0.83\u20131.68).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longer lifetime lactation is associated with decreased risk and duration of frequent VMS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T14:19:34Z","timestamp":1660141174000},"page":"89-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of lifetime lactation on the risk and duration of frequent vasomotor symptoms: A longitudinal dose\u2013response analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie V.","family":"Scime","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison K.","family":"Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"McMaster Institute for Research on Aging (MIRA) McMaster University  Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5208-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter D.","family":"Faris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences University of Calgary  Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Data &amp; 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