{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T04:15:03Z","timestamp":1788840903359,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,2]],"date-time":"2023-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24HD092094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24HD092094"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine COVID\u201019 antibody positivity rates over time and relationships to pregnancy outcomes in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>With COVID\u201019 antibody positivity at delivery as the exposure, we performed a prospective, observational cohort study in seven LMICs during the early COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted among women in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), a prospective, population\u2010based study in Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Bangladesh, Pakistan, India (two sites), and Guatemala.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women enrolled in an ongoing pregnancy registry at study sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From October 2020 to October 2021, standardised COVID\u201019 antibody testing was performed at delivery among women enrolled in MNHR. Trained staff masked to COVID\u201019 status obtained pregnancy outcomes, which were then compared with COVID\u201019 antibody results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibody status, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality and morbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At delivery, 26.0% of women were COVID\u201019 antibody positive. Positivity increased over the four time periods across all sites: 13.8%, 15.4%, 21.0% and 40.9%. In the final period, positivity rates were: DRC 27.0%, Kenya 33.1%, Pakistan 32.8%, Guatemala 37.0%, Zambia 37.8%, Bangladesh 47.2%, Nagpur, India 57.4% and Belagavi, India 62.4%. Adjusting for site and maternal characteristics, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, low birthweight and preterm birth were not significantly associated with COVID\u201019. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for stillbirth was 1.27 (95% CI 0.95\u20131.69). Postpartum haemorrhage was associated with antibody positivity (aRR 1.44; 95% CI 1.01\u20132.07).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In pregnant populations in LMICs, COVID\u201019 antibody positivity has increased. However, most adverse pregnancy outcomes were not significantly associated with antibody positivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T10:59:20Z","timestamp":1670842760000},"page":"366-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 antibody positivity over time and pregnancy outcomes in seven low\u2010and\u2010middle\u2010income countries: A prospective, observational study of the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Goldenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan 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