{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T16:24:52Z","timestamp":1792686292011,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in pregnancy is rarely required and typically only documented in single case reports or case series. A recent UK confidential enquiry reported on several maternal deaths where appropriate DCCV appeared to have been withheld.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen UK and Ireland specialist maternity centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven pregnant women requiring DCCV in pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal and fetal outcomes following DCCV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven women had a total of 29 DCCVs in pregnancy. Of these, 19 (70%) initial presentations were to Emergency Departments and eight (30%) to maternity settings. There were no maternal deaths. Seventeen of the women (63%) had a prior history of heart disease. Median gestation at DCCV was 28\u2009weeks, median gestation at delivery was 35\u2009weeks, with a live birth in all cases. The abnormal heart rhythms documented at the first cardioversion were atrial fibrillation in 12\/27 (44%) cases, atrial flutter in 8\/27 (30%), supraventricular tachycardia in 5\/27 (19%) and atrial tachycardia in 2\/27 (7%). Fetal monitoring was undertaken following DCCV on 14\/29 (48%) occasions (10 of 19 (53%) at \u226526\u2009weeks) and on 2\/29 (7%) occasions, urgent delivery was required post DCCV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct current cardioversion in pregnancy is rarely required but should be undertaken when clinically indicated according to standard algorithms to optimise maternal wellbeing. Once the woman is stable post DCCV, gestation\u2010relevant fetal monitoring should be undertaken. Maternity units should develop multidisciplinary processes to ensure pregnant women receive the same standard of care as their non\u2010pregnant counterparts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T10:34:45Z","timestamp":1681209285000},"page":"1269-1274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Direct current cardioversion in pregnancy: a multicentre study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Cauldwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Maternal Medicine Service St George's Hospital  Blackshaw Road London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Adamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaliash","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetric Anaesthesia St Mary's Hospital Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catriona","family":"Bhagra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Addenbrookes Hospital  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidan","family":"Bolger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Glenfield Hospital  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Everett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Leeds Teaching Hospitals  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital  Mindelson Way Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Girling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics West Middlesex University Hospital  Isleworth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital  Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7369-2322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Hudsmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease University Hospitals Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Cardiac Centre University Hospitals Sussex  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1927-1594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"MacKiliop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's Centre Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"},{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3477-6494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fionnuala M.","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayathri","family":"Mariappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics West Middlesex University Hospital  Isleworth UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Orchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Oxford University Hospitals  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggy","family":"O\u2019Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Royal Leicester Infirmary  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics Edinburgh Royal Infirmary  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Adult Congenital Cardiac Service NHS Golden Jubilee  Clydebank UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Timmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal Medicine Service Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital  Norfolk UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Vause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Mary's Managed Clinical Service Manchester University Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gurleen","family":"Wander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Adult Congenital Cardiac Service NHS Golden Jubilee  Clydebank UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Steer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Chelsea and Westminster Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.11.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2021.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2021-320451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12471-011-0077-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.02113.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2001.tb01222.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2005.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"MBBRACE\u2010UK.Saving babies lives and improving mothers care: Lay summary.2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"NPEU.Lessons learned to inform maternity care from the UK and Ireland confidential enquiries into maternal deaths and morbidity 2015\u201317.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy340"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000772"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026681"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.03.006"},{"issue":"35","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"2327","article-title":"Cardioversion and pregnancy. Fetal consequences","volume":"2","author":"Grand A","year":"1973","journal-title":"Nouv Presse Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(97)70569-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.003182"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2015.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeh004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61485-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eut143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa612"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Cardioversion in late pregnancy: a case report","volume":"65","author":"Singh V","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.07.439"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17457","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T07:16:37Z","timestamp":1695107797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17457"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.17457"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17457","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}