{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:41:18Z","timestamp":1787013678018,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the prevalence of novel newborn types among 165\u2009million live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based, multi\u2010country analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>National data systems in 23 middle\u2010 and high\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Liveborn infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Country teams with high\u2010quality data were invited to be part of the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We classified live births by six newborn types based on gestational age information (preterm &lt;37\u2009weeks versus term \u226537\u2009weeks) and size for gestational age defined as small (SGA, &lt;10th centile), appropriate (10th\u201390th centiles), or large (LGA, &gt;90th centile) for gestational age, according to INTERGROWTH\u201021st standards. We considered small newborn types of any combination of preterm or SGA, and term\u2009+\u2009LGA was considered large. Time trends were analysed using 3\u2010year moving averages for small and large types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of six newborn types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed 165\u2009017\u2009419 live births and the median prevalence of small types was 11.7%\u2009\u2013\u2009highest in Malaysia (26%) and Qatar (15.7%). Overall, 18.1% of newborns were large (term\u2009+\u2009LGA) and was highest in Estonia 28.8% and Denmark 25.9%. Time trends of small and large infants were relatively stable in most countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The distribution of newborn types varies across the 23 middle\u2010 and high\u2010income countries. Small newborn types were highest in west Asian countries and large types were highest in Europe. To better understand the global patterns of these novel newborn types, more information is needed, especially from low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T18:31:26Z","timestamp":1683570686000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vulnerable newborn types: Analysis of population\u2010based registries for 165\u2009million births in 23 countries, 2000\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0909-7737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorena","family":"Su\u00e1rez\u2010Idueta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mexican Society of Public Health  Mexico City 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